催化学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 160-167.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62581-0

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

硫酸化对CeO2-ZrO2催化剂上NH3选择催化还原NO反应的影响

张贺a, 邹永刚a, 彭悦b   

  1. a 长春理工大学高功率半导体激光国家重点实验室, 吉林长春 130022;
    b 佐治亚理工学院土木与环境工程学院, 布鲁克·拜尔斯可持续发展系统研究所, 佐治亚州亚特兰大市 30332-0595, 美国
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-09 修回日期:2016-10-18 出版日期:2017-01-18 发布日期:2017-01-18
  • 通讯作者: Yue Peng,Tel:+1-404-483-8691;Fax:+1-404-894-5676;E-mail:pengyue2015@sina.com;Yonggang Zou,Tel:+86-431-85583395;Fax:+86-431-85582473;E-mail:zouyg@cust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    长春理工大学青年科学基金(XQNJJ-2014-15).

Influence of sulfation on CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts for NO reduction with NH3

He Zhanga, Yonggang Zoua, Yue Pengb   

  1. a State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China;
    b School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, 800 West Peachtree Street, Suite 400 F-H, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0595, United States
  • Received:2016-09-09 Revised:2016-10-18 Online:2017-01-18 Published:2017-01-18
  • Contact: Yue Peng,Tel:+1-404-483-8691;Fax:+1-404-894-5676;E-mail:pengyue2015@sina.com;Yonggang Zou,Tel:+86-431-85583395;Fax:+86-431-85582473;E-mail:zouyg@cust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the Science Fund for Yong Scholars at Changchun University of Science and Technology (XQNJJ-2014-15).

摘要:

由发电厂等固定源和柴油机等移动源排放的一氧化氮(NO)造成的环境污染问题日益严重.随着严苛的排放法规出台,NO排放控制技术受到越来越多关注.NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)技术是目前去除NO应用最为广泛的方法之一.商业催化剂V2O5-WO3/TiO2在300-400℃温度窗口内显示出优越的NO去除效率,但仍存在一些问题,如钒氧化物的毒性以及在高温时形成N2O和SO3.因此,开发出低钒或无钒的新型催化剂是解决上述问题的关键.
CeO2和含铈材料是重要的催化剂载体,具有良好的还原能力和氧存储功能,因而广泛应用于催化领域.CeO2添加到商用催化剂中不仅可以降低钒用量,而且可以提高催化剂抗碱金属中毒能力.CeO2-WO3催化剂在200℃以上时比商用催化剂具有更宽的温度窗口,并展现出较高的抗SO2和碱金属中毒能力.CeO2-ZrO2催化剂通过添加过渡金属元素可以提升其SCR活性,在较宽的温度窗口内具有较高的催化活性.
废气中SO2可导致催化剂失活,在实际应用中催化剂硫中毒是较为常见的催化剂失效原因.通常情况下,锰基和铁基催化剂最容易硫中毒.然而CeO2催化剂在硫酸化处理后却展现出良好的SCR活性.催化剂硫酸化主要包括气相、液相和前驱体硫化三种方法.三种方法各有异同,但在催化剂表面形成的硫物种都是SO42-.硫酸化可以增强Ce基催化剂的SCR活性,但是对于硫化引起的催化剂表面酸性、氧化还原性以及NO吸附脱附性质的详细研究报道较少.
本文通过液相法对CeO2-ZrO2(CeZr)催化剂进行了硫酸化.XRD结果表明,硫酸化并未对催化剂结晶结构产生影响.TPD和TPR结果表明,硫酸化后催化剂(S-CeZr)表面酸性增强,但抑制了其氧化性.通过原位红外光谱技术系统研究了催化剂在SCR反应过程中表面物种的变化,结果发现,CeZr和S-CeZr的催化机理相同,不同的SCR活性主要是由表面酸性和氧化性引起的.CeO2基催化剂在不同温度窗口遵循不同反应机理.CeZr催化剂具有较强的氧化还原性,使其对NO和NH3具有很强的氧化能力,所以其在低于200℃时具有较好的SCR活性.而S-CeZr催化剂具有更多的Brønsted酸性位,导致NO不易吸附在催化剂表面,所以其在低温时SCR活性较差,但在高温时(>200℃)具有优良的SCR活性.通过SCR活性和反应机理研究,发现在高温时(>200℃),表面酸性尤其是强酸Brønsted酸性位在SCR反应中起到决定性作用;而在低温时(<200℃),酸性位对NH3分子较强的键合作用导致NH3难以被氧化,所以较强的酸性位对SCR活性具有抑制作用,而氧化还原性在低温时对SCR反应起到主要作用.同时,在高温时,较高的氧化性可使NH3被O2直接氧化,导致N2选择性降低.

关键词: 硫酸化, 氮氧化物去除, 选择性催化还原, 氧化铈, 氧化锆

Abstract:

CeO2-ZrO2 (CeZr) and sulfated CeO2-ZrO2 (S-CeZr) catalysts were prepared for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. The CeZr catalysts exhibited higher activity at low temperatures (<200℃) and lower activity at high temperatures (> 200℃) than the S-CeZr catalysts. The sulfation of CeZr was studied in terms of surface acidity, redox properties and NO adsorption-desorption by temperature-dependent experiments and in situ infrared spectroscopy. S-CeZr displayed high con-centrations of acidic sites and increased surface acidities, but poor reducibility compared with CeZr. The high acidity of S-CeZr was attributed to the presence of Brønsted acid sites, arising mainly from the surface sulfates. Because the surface was covered with sulfate species, S-CeZr showed lower NO adsorption and weaker oxidation ability than CeZr. The adsorption of NH3 on the Brønsted acid sites restricted the reaction with NO at low temperatures, but the selective catalytic reduction cycle oc-curred easily at relatively low temperatures (150℃), and the weakly bound nitrite was partially activated on the S-CeZr catalyst at relatively high temperatures (300℃). The catalytic mechanisms for the CeZr and S-CeZr catalysts at 150 and 300℃ were also studied.

Key words: Sulfation, Removal of nitrogen oxides, Selective catalytic reduction, Ceria, Zirconia