通过表面工程提升Bi2WO6-x在选择性C-H键光氧化反应中的催化活性与稳定性

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64899-6

催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 81: 246-258.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64899-6

通过表面工程提升Bi₂WO_6-_x在选择性C-H键光氧化反应中的催化活性与稳定性

王雄^a^,¹, 彭超^a^,¹, 肖永康^a, 张子烨^a, 郑慧平^a, 岳文杰^a, 田昇^a, 胡星盛^a, 邵伟凡^a, 陈广辉^a, 王丙昊^a, 王慧娟^a, 尹明明^a, 李锦锌^a, 李扬^a, 陈浪^a(), 尹双凤^a^,^b()

^a 湖南大学化学化工学院, 化学生物传感全国重点实验室, 先进催化教育部工程研究中心, 湖南长沙 410082
^b 中南林业科技大学化学与化工学院, 湖南长沙 410004

收稿日期:2025-06-27 接受日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: *电子信箱: huagong042cl@163.com (陈浪),sf_yin@hnu.edu.cn, sf_yin@cust.edu.cn (尹双凤).
作者简介:¹共同第一作者.
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4002401);国家自然科学基金(22322804);国家自然科学基金(22278119)

Surface engineering enhancing activity and stability of Bi₂WO_6-_x for selective C-H bond photooxidation

Xiong Wang^a^,¹, Chao Peng^a^,¹, Yongkang Xiao^a, Ziye Zhang^a, Huiping Zheng^a, Wenjie Yue^a, Sheng Tian^a, Xingsheng Hu^a, Weifan Shao^a, Guanghui Chen^a, Binghao Wang^a, Huijuan Wang^a, Mingming Yin^a, Jinxin Li^a, Yang Li^a, Lang Chen^a(), Shuangfeng Yin^a^,^b()

^a Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
^b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

Received:2025-06-27 Accepted:2025-08-11 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-12-26
Contact: *E-mail: huagong042cl@163.com (L. Chen),sf_yin@hnu.edu.cn/sf_yin@cust.edu.cn (S. F. Yin).
About author:¹ Contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB4002401);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22322804);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278119)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在现代有机合成中, 烃类选择性氧化是实现高附加值化学品制备的重要反应. 然而, C(sp³)-H键因其高键能和非极性特征, 其活化过程往往需要高温、高压或强氧化剂等苛刻条件, 导致转化过程能耗高及目标产物选择性差等问题. 光催化氧化在温和条件下即可高效断裂C-H键, 因其绿色环保和原子经济性优势而成为理想路径. 其中, 以Bi₂WO₆为代表的金属氧化物半导体因具有合适的能带结构和良好的稳定性, 受到广泛关注. 尤其是氧空位(Ov)在反应物活化和光生载流子分离方面发挥重要作用, 但其在氧化条件下极易钝化, 导致催化稳定性下降. 因此, 如何在提升活性的同时保持氧空位的稳定性, 成为Bi₂WO₆光催化烃类C-H键选择性氧化的核心难题. 本研究通过界面工程策略解决了该问题, 为开发高效稳定的光催化体系提供了新思路.

针对Bi₂WO_6-_x中氧空位易失活的问题, 提出在其表面原位生长Bi-金属有机框架(Bi-MOF)层的策略, 构建Bi₂WO_6-_x@Bi-MOF异质结. 一方面, Bi-MOF柔性的框架结构实现了对氧空位的有效包覆, 显著抑制了反应过程中氧空位的耗损; 另一方面, Bi-MOF与Bi₂WO_6-_x之间形成了紧密的界面异质结, 构建了高效的电子迁移通道, 使光生电子能够快速从Bi₂WO_6-_x迁移至Bi-MOF, 从而提升了电荷分离与利用效率. 此外, Bi-MOF的引入调控了Bi位点的p带中心, 使其更接近费米能级, 从而增强了O₂分子的吸附与活化能力. 理论计算与实验结果均表明, O₂更倾向在Bi-MOF表面吸附活化, 而不是直接与Bi₂WO_6-_x接触, 避免了因O₂填充消耗氧空位而导致的结构钝化. 复合催化剂的有利于甲苯分子在表面的富集与C-H键的活化, 是提升光催化选择性氧化活性的重要原因. 光照2 h甲苯转化率达到96%, 苯甲醛选择性为80%; 催化剂经过10次循环反应后仍保持稳定的结构与性能, 证明了其在氧化条件下优异的耐久性. 结合结构表征与反应过程分析, 提出了Bi-O界面作用在提升电子迁移、氧气吸附和结构稳定性方面的协同机制, 说明通过MOF修饰能够同时实现Bi₂WO₆光催化剂在甲苯选择性氧化中的高活性与高稳定性, 为构建高效的光催化选择性氧化体系提供参考.

综上, 本研究通过在Bi₂WO_6-_x表面原位生长Bi-MOF, 提出了一种兼顾活性与稳定性的表面工程策略, 实现了对氧空位稳定性和界面电荷转移的协同调控. 该方法不仅显著提升了光催化甲苯选择性氧化的活性和选择性, 还为MOF材料在复杂界面反应中的应用开辟了新方向. 未来, 相关策略有望拓展至其它光催化应用中, 为开发高效、可持续的光催化体系提供重要参考.

关键词: 光催化, 氧空位, 表面工程, C-H键氧化, 金属有机框架

Abstract:

Oxygen vacancies (Ov) play a pivotal role in enhancing photocatalytic C-H bond oxidation, yet their susceptibility to depletion under oxidative conditions significantly compromises catalyst stability. To address this challenge, we developed a surface engineering strategy through in-situ growth of a Bi-MOF layer on oxygen vacancy-rich Bi₂WO₆ (Bi₂WO_6-_x@Bi-MOF). This interfacial Bi-O interaction not only constructed a built-in charge transfer channel to boost electron migration from Bi₂WO_6-_x to Bi-MOF, but also shifted the Bi p-band center closer to the Fermi level (E_f) to facilitate the adsorption of oxygen molecules and toluene. This surface engineering strategy preferentially adsorbs O₂ on Bi-MOF and prevents its direct interaction with the Bi₂WO_6-_x host, thereby mitigating oxygen vacancy depletion and enhancing catalyst stability. The optimized photocatalyst achieves 96% toluene conversion and 80% benzaldehyde selectivity within 2 h of light irradiation and maintains excellent structural stability and catalytic performance over ten consecutive cycles. This study offers a new design strategy for constructing robust and efficient Ov-based photocatalytic systems and expands the potential application of MOF materials in complex interfacial reactions.

Key words: Photocatalysis, Oxygen vacancies, Surface engineering, C-H oxidation, Metal-organic framework

王雄, 彭超, 肖永康, 张子烨, 郑慧平, 岳文杰, 田昇, 胡星盛, 邵伟凡, 陈广辉, 王丙昊, 王慧娟, 尹明明, 李锦锌, 李扬, 陈浪, 尹双凤. 通过表面工程提升Bi₂WO_6-_x在选择性C-H键光氧化反应中的催化活性与稳定性[J]. 催化学报, 2026, 81: 246-258.

Xiong Wang, Chao Peng, Yongkang Xiao, Ziye Zhang, Huiping Zheng, Wenjie Yue, Sheng Tian, Xingsheng Hu, Weifan Shao, Guanghui Chen, Binghao Wang, Huijuan Wang, Mingming Yin, Jinxin Li, Yang Li, Lang Chen, Shuangfeng Yin. Surface engineering enhancing activity and stability of Bi₂WO_6-_x for selective C-H bond photooxidation[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 81: 246-258.

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链接本文: https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64899-6

https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/Y2026/V81/I2/246

图/表 7

Fig. 1. (a) Preparation process of the Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. XRD patterns (b) and FTIR spectra (c) of the prepared Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF, Bi2WO6-x, and p-BWO. C 1s (d), Bi 4f (e), O 1s (f) XPS spectra, and EPR spectra (g) of the prepared samples.

Fig. 2. SEM (a) and TEM (b) images of Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. HR-TEM images and the corresponding strain distribution of ?yy at the interface of Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF (c,d) and pure Bi2WO6-x (e,f). (g) EDS mapping images of Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF.

Fig. 3. PL emission spectra (a), time-resolved PL decay spectra (b), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic data (c) of p-BWO, Bi2WO6-x and Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. In-situ XPS spectra of Bi 4f (d), W 4f (e), and C 1s (f) of Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF in the dark or light irradiation conditions.

Fig. 4. (a) Photocatalytic toluene selective oxidation under 405 nm LED (1W) irradiation. (b) Time-dependent toluene photo-oxidation property over Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. (c) Cycling test results for Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF and Bi2WO6-x. (d) EPR spectra of Bi2WO6-x and Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF before and after photocatalytic reaction. (e,f) In-situ EPR spectra denoting the corresponding active free radicals. (g) Photo-oxidation of other hydrocarbons over Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF photocatalyst.

Fig. 5. (a) The computed DOS plots of, Bi-pDOS plots of Bi2WO6-x and Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. (b) The computed O-pDOS plots of free O2 and O2 adsorbed on Bi2WO6-x or Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. (c) DFT-calculated O2 adsorption energies on pristine Bi2WO6-x, the Bi2WO6-x or Bi-MOF region of Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. Differential charge density maps of O2 adsorption on pristine Bi2WO6-x (d), the Bi2WO6-x region of Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF (e), and the Bi-MOF region of Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF (f). Yellow and cyan isosurfaces represent electron accumulation and depletion, respectively. (g) PL intensity decay processes of Bi2WO6-x and Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF. (h) The time-resolved photoluminescence spectra in poor and rich oxygen reaction environments. (i) Periodic on/off photocurrent responses of Bi2WO6-x and Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF in electrolyte environments with different atmosphere treatments accordingly. (j) Schematic diagram illustrating the p-band of Bi in Bi2WO6-x and Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF and their optimized antibonding-orbital occupancy of Bi-Oads.

Fig. 6. In-situ FT-IR spectra for photocatalytic oxidation of toluene over p-BWO (a), Bi2WO6-x (b), and Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF (c) under dark and visible-light conditions, respectively. (d) Free-energy diagrams for C-H activation on different samples. (e) Atomic configurations for the corresponding steps in the simulation (Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF), bluish purple, orange-red, red, gray, and white spheres represent bismuth, tungsten, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen atoms, respectively.

Fig. 7. Proposed toluene oxidation mechanism over Bi2WO6-x@Bi-MOF photocatalyst.

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通过表面工程提升Bi₂WO_6-_x在选择性C-H键光氧化反应中的催化活性与稳定性

Surface engineering enhancing activity and stability of Bi₂WO_6-_x for selective C-H bond photooxidation

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