催化学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49: 16-41.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64430-4

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

光催化苯制苯酚的研究进展

Mengistu Tulu Gonfaa, 申升a,*(), 陈浪a,*(), 胡彪a, 周威a, 白张君a, 区泽堂b, 尹双凤a,*()   

  1. a湖南大学化学化工学院, 化学/生物传感与化学计量学国家重点实验室, 教育部高级催化工程研究中心, 湖南长沙 410082
    b福州大学化工学院, 福建福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-23 接受日期:2023-04-10 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2023-06-05
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: sshen@hnu.edu.cn (申升), huagong042cl@163.com (陈浪), sf_yin@hnu.edu.cn (尹双凤).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22008059);国家自然科学基金(21938002);国家自然科学基金(21725602);国家自然科学基金(21975069)

Research progress on the heterogeneous photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzene to phenol

Mengistu Tulu Gonfaa, Sheng Shena,*(), Lang Chena,*(), Biao Hua, Wei Zhoua, Zhang-Jun Baia, Chak-Tong Aub, Shuang-Feng Yina,*()   

  1. aAdvanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
    bCollege of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2023-02-23 Accepted:2023-04-10 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-06-05
  • Contact: *E-mail: sshen@hnu.edu.cn (S. Shen), huagong042cl@163.com (L. Chen), sf_yin@hnu.edu.cn (S. F. Yin).
  • About author:Sheng Shen received her bachelors’ degree from Wuhan University, China, in 2012. Then she moved to the United States and received her Ph.D. degree in chemistry from the University of Georgia, working on the electrodepostion of semiconductor materials under the supervision of Prof. John L. Stickney. She is currently an associate professor at Hunan University, China, where she focuses on the development of efficient photoelectrodes for solar based energy harvesting and conversion.
    Lang Chen received his bachelors’ degree from Henan University of Science and Technology in 2008 and then obtained his Ph.D. in Hunan University under the supervisor of Prof. Shuang-Feng Yin. He is currently an associate professor in Hunan University. His research interests focus on the design, synthesis, and application of efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts/photo-electro-catalyst.
    Shuang-Feng Yin obtained his bachelors’ degree in 1996 from Beijing University of Chemical Technology. He subsequently received his Ph.D. from Tsinghua University in 2003. He was promoted to full Professor in Hunan University in 2006. He worked as a senior visiting scholar in the Hong Kong Baptist University and Japan Institute of Integrated Industrial Technology from 2008 to 2009. He is Distinguished Young Scholars Recipients of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (2017). His research interests focus on photo/electrocatalytic energy conversion and C‒H bond activation.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22008059);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21938002);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21725602);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975069)

摘要:

苯酚作为一种重要的有机化学品, 广泛用于制造树脂、合成橡胶、染料和药品等行业. 然而, 传统的苯酚生产方法——联苯法存在着许多问题, 如反应条件苛刻和产物纯度低等, 这些问题严重制约了苯酚的工业化生产应用. 因此, 开发一种高效、绿色的苯酚制备方法十分必要.

目前, 苯一步法制苯酚反应备受关注, 然而, 实现该反应难度很大. 首先, 苯分子的C(sp2)‒H键活化在化学反应中比较稳定, 难以高效活化. 其次, 相比惰性反应物苯, 产物苯酚分子本身更易氧化, 使反应的选择性调控成为挑战. 光催化选择性氧化苯制苯酚具有反应条件温和、选择性高和产物纯度高等优点, 是一种很有工业应用前景的苯酚制备方法.

本文系统总结了近年来多相光催化氧化苯制苯酚的研究进展, 包括从光催化剂设计原则、改性策略、反应机理分析、影响反应动力学的因素、反应器设计和光催化剂失活机制等方面. 首先, 单原子、层状双氢氧化物和金属簇构成的光催化剂具有高效催化作用和良好的反应选择性. 其次, 在光催化反应过程中, 光催化剂的设计和合成是非常关键的, 可以通过调节光催化剂的组成和结构来提高反应效率和选择性. 此外, 基于原位表征和密度泛函理论计算的机理研究也为光催化反应的优化提供了重要的理论基础. 此外, 介绍了光催化反应器的设计原理和操作要点, 以及光催化剂失活的原因和解决方案. 在未来的研究中, 可以考虑更多的应用新材料和新技术来设计和制备高效催化剂. 还可以利用先进的表征和理论计算方法更深入地研究光催化反应的机理, 并探索更多的反应条件和催化剂组合, 以提高光催化反应的效率和选择性. 在实际应用中, 光催化反应器的设计和操作也需要进一步完善, 以确保光催化反应的稳定性和可控性. 随着对光催化反应机理和催化剂设计的深入理解, 相信未来光催化苯制苯酚技术会有更多的突破和进展. 综上, 本文为光催化选择性氧化苯成为苯酚的研究提供了参考, 也为光催化反应的设计、优化和应用提供了一定的思路.

关键词: 苯, 苯酚, 直接氧化, 光催化剂, 光反应器

Abstract:

Phenol is important for the manufacture of phenolic chemicals. The current cumene process for phenol production requires harsh conditions and suffers from unwanted side products. Nowadays, the one step conversion of benzene to phenol has received much attention. However, because of the obscurity in benzene C(sp2)-H bond activation and the easy oxidation of phenol, the direct oxidation of benzene to phenol is challenging. As an alternative, the photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzene into phenol under mild conditions is considered promising. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advance of heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of benzene, including those of design principles and various modification strategies, mechanistic understanding determined based on in situ characterization and density functional theory calculation, factors affecting kinetics of the reaction, reactor design and photocatalyst deactivation. It is envisaged that photocatalysts made up of single atoms, layered double hydroxides, and metal clusters are good candidates. At the end of this article, the perspective of catalyst design and strategies for the exploration of reaction mechanism are discussed, emphasizing on the use of state-of-the-art techniques. Moreover, the design of photocatalytic reactors for the realization of the photocatalytic process is considered.

Key words: Benzene, Phenol, Direct oxidation, Photocatalyst, Photocatalytic reactor