催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 84: 236-249.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65007-3

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

碳包覆铁基催化剂合成策略对CO2改进费托合成性能的调控机制研究

蒋仕灿a, 易明宇a, 刘作政a, Abhishek Dutta Chowdhurya,b()   

  1. a 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 湖北武汉 430072
    b 武汉科技大学化学与化工学院, 核磁共振与分子科学交叉研究院, 湖北武汉 430081
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29 接受日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-04-16
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: abhishek@whu.edu.cn, abhishek@wust.edu.cn (A. Chowdhury).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22572150);国家自然科学基金(22350610243);湖北自然科学基金(2025AFA008);武汉科技大学启动基金

Linking catalyst synthesis strategies to CO2-modified Fischer-Tropsch performance in iron-carbon systems

Shican Jianga, Mingyu Yia, Zuozheng Liua, Abhishek Dutta Chowdhurya,b()   

  1. a College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
    b Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-07-29 Accepted:2025-11-19 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-04-16
  • Contact: *E-mail: abhishek@whu.edu.cn, abhishek@wust.edu.cn (A. Chowdhury).
  • About author:First author contact:

    Shican Jiang: Writing - original draft, Visualization, Validation, Resources, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Mingyu Yi: Catalyst evaluation, Data analysis. Zuozheng Liu: Catalyst evaluation, Data analysis. Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury: Conceptualization, Data analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Funding acquisition. Writing - review & editing.

  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22572150);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22350610243);Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2025AFA008);start-up research grant from Wuhan University of Science and Technology(China)

摘要:

化石燃料的过度使用导致CO2排放量增加, 进而加剧了温室效应, 导致全球变暖速度加快并引发了海水酸化等一系列环境问题, 严重威胁着人类的生存和发展. 通过将捕集到的CO2与“绿氢”(风能和太阳能等可再生能源电解水制得)进行热催化加氢反应, 可高效合成液态碳氢化合物(C5+), 在能源利用方面具有重要意义. 相较于甲烷、一氧化碳等气态产物, 汽油、芳烃等液态碳氢化合物具有能量密度高、储运方便的优点, 同时也有助于解决氢能储存难、安全性差等问题. 铁基催化剂因具备优异的逆水煤气变换与费托合成活性, 在CO2加氢费托合成(CO2-FTS)中受到青睐. 近年来, 碳包覆铁基催化剂(Fe@C)因其高金属载量和分散性以及强的C-O活化和C-C偶联能力在CO2加氢制C5+液态碳氢化合物中被广泛研究. 然而, 目前碳包覆铁基催化剂仍存在制备过程复杂、依赖昂贵MOF材料进行煅烧衍生, 且需要高温预还原步骤等问题, 限制了其工业化进程. 此外, 碳包覆铁基催化剂的结构对催化性能的影响机制仍未完全阐明, 因此厘清铁基催化剂结构-性能之间的关系十分必要.

本文从调控碳包覆铁基催化剂的结构出发, 采用球磨或浸渍法将商业铁盐(乙酰丙酮铁或甘氨酸亚铁)与有机配体(均苯三酸或水杨酸)混合, 随后在惰性气氛下进行高温热解, 制得碳包覆铁基催化剂(Fe@C与Fe@NC). 将该系列催化剂应用于CO2加氢反应, 系统考察其催化合成C5+液态碳氢化合物的性能. X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜等表征结果表明了具有多孔结构的碳包覆铁基催化剂的成功制备. H2和CO2程序升温脱附实验证明了催化剂结构的调控改善了反应物分子吸附活化行为, 促进了H2和CO2分子的中等强度吸附. 氮气吸脱附实验表明了催化剂结构调控影响了气体分子的脱附行为并增加了传质阻力, 进而影响了产物的选择性。在CO2加氢测试中, 甘氨酸亚铁与均苯三酸球磨制备的催化剂在温和条件下表现出了35%的CO2转化率、76%的C5+烃类选择性、12%的C1选择性(CO: 6%, CH4: 6%). 对反应条件进一步优化后, 催化剂的C5+烃类收率可达到42.5 mmol CO2 × g‒1 × h‒1, 为目前文献报道的最高水平. 动力学实验也证实了对催化剂结构的调控促进了CO2向目标产物C5+液态碳氢化合物的高效转化. 甘氨酸亚铁和水杨酸浸渍制备的碳包覆铁基催化剂与ZSM-5组成的双功能催化体系表现出了40%的CO2转化率、69%的芳烃选择性、15%的C1选择性(CO: 9%, CH4: 6%)以及超过80 h的催化稳定性. 本工作实现了对催化剂的孔隙结构、粒径与表面组成的调控, 建立了合成路径、催化剂结构与性能之间的构效关系.

综上, 本文采用了一种简单的催化剂结构调控方法制备出了高效的碳包覆铁基催化剂, 实现了CO2向C5+液态碳氢化合物和芳烃的高效与稳定转化, 为高性能CO2加氢催化剂的设计、制备和应用提供了一种安全、简便且可规模化的策略.

关键词: 多相催化, CO2加氢, 费托合成, 碳氢化合物, 碳化铁

Abstract:

The direct thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 into value-added hydrocarbons is vital for advancing a sustainable carbon economy. However, the structural complexity and multi-step nature of catalyst synthesis often obscure the direct relationship between synthesis protocol and catalytic performance. To address this gap, we present an operationally simpler, safer to start up, and scalable strategy to develop carbon-coated iron-based catalysts (Fe@C and Fe@NC) through ball milling or impregnation of commercial iron salts with simple organic ligands (trimesic acid or salicylic acid), followed by pyrolysis. These catalysts feature tunable porosity, particle size, and surface composition, enabling systematic performance optimization in CO2-modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (CO2-FTS). Ball milling proved more effective for Fe@C systems, while impregnation was superior for Fe@NC systems, both achieving high selectivity for long-chain (C5+) hydrocarbons and suppressing undesired C1 byproducts. Ball milling promotes active site dispersion and carburization via porous frameworks, whereas impregnation facilitates cavity formation favorable for catalysis. Coupling these iron-based catalysts with ZSM-5 zeolites enabled aromatics production with enhanced stability. Correlations between synthesis route, catalyst architecture, and performance (activity, selectivity, structural control) were established. This work offers a practical synthesis-performance framework for designing CO2-FTS catalysts, supporting future developments in carbon valorization and e-fuel production.

Key words: Heterogeneous catalysis, CO2 hydrogenation, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, Hydrocarbons, Iron-carbide