催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 79: 9-31.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64828-5

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

水在分子筛催化中的相互作用: 骨架结构演变与反应调控机制

何林海a,b,1, 楼才溢a,b,1, 孙璐a,b, 牛晶a, 徐舒涛a,b,*(), 魏迎旭a,b, 刘中民a,b,*()   

  1. a中国科学院大连化学物理研究所, 低碳催化技术国家工程研究中心, 辽宁大连116023
    b中国科学院大学, 北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 接受日期:2025-08-10 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 徐舒涛,刘中民
  • 作者简介:1共同第一作者.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0116000);国家自然科学基金(22241801);国家自然科学基金(22288101);国家自然科学基金(22022202);国家自然科学基金(22032005);国家自然科学基金(21991090);国家自然科学基金(21991092);国家自然科学基金(21991093);大连市杰出青年科技人才项目(2021RJ01);辽宁省国际联合实验室项目(2024JH2/102100005)

Water interactions in molecular sieve catalysis: Framework evolution and reaction modulation

Linhai Hea,b,1, Caiyi Loua,b,1, Lu Suna,b, Jing Niua, Shutao Xua,b,*(), Yingxu Weia,b, Zhongmin Liua,b,*()   

  1. aNational Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
    bUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2025-06-27 Accepted:2025-08-10 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-10-27
  • Contact: Shutao Xu, Zhongmin Liu
  • About author:Shutao Xu (Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science) received his B.S. degree from Fudan University (P. R. China) in 2004, and PhD from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2011. Then he joined Prof. Zhongmin Liu’s team at National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, DICP as a research assistant. He became a professor in 2017. His research interests are the developments various of solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (ssNMR) methods, including in-situ/operando techniques, 2D ssNMR spectroscopy, Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe and Pulse Field Gradient (PFG) NMR, as well as applying these advanced NMR methods to the study of the structure, acidity and reaction mechanism of catalytic materials. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed papers.
    Zhongmin Liu (Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science) is the Director of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) since 2017. He has long been working with the catalysis research, process development, and technology transfer in energy conversion and utilization, and made significant achievements. Prof. Liu led his team to successfully commercialize two of the most representative industrial processes, methanol to olefins (MTO) and methanol to ethanol (MTE), in 2010 and 2017 respectively, which are important advances in coal to chemicals. He has published more than 430 research papers and got 600 authorized patents or more.
    1Contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0116000);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22241801);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22288101);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022202);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22032005);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991090);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991092);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21991093);Dalian Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation(2021RJ01);Liaoning International Joint Laboratory Project(2024JH2/102100005)

摘要:

分子筛催化剂, 包括硅铝酸盐类沸石和硅铝磷酸盐类分子筛, 因具有独特的孔道结构、可调控的酸性及优异的水热稳定性, 在多相催化领域展现出广泛应用, 并有望在推动碳中和与可持续发展进程中发挥关键作用. 水分子普遍存在于分子筛材料的合成、储存及催化应用的过程中, 其与分子筛骨架之间复杂的主-客体相互作用及对骨架结构与催化性能的影响, 近年来日益成为学术界关注的前沿科学问题. 然而, 水分子的作用机制十分复杂, 受到温度、水的相态(气态或液态)及其分压等多种因素的显著影响. 目前, 关于水与分子筛骨架之间的主-客体相互作用及水在催化过程中的作用机制仍缺乏系统性认识, 因此对相关研究进展进行全面梳理与总结具有重要意义.
本综述系统梳理了近年来围绕水与分子筛之间的相互作用及其对催化反应路径与性能调控机制影响的研究进展, 综合分析了实验表征与理论计算两方面的最新成果. 重点聚焦水环境中水分子诱导硅铝酸盐与硅铝磷酸盐类分子筛骨架在原子尺度发生的可逆与不可逆结构演变过程, 涵盖了水分子的吸附、T-O-T键的可逆水解和不可逆水解过程, 强调了分子筛骨架在水环境下所表现出的动态特性. 在催化反应层面, 文章从两个角度探讨了水分子在分子筛催化反应性能及动力学行为的双重调控机制: 一方面, 水分子可通过氢键相互作用参与反应过程, 表现为对活性位的竞争吸附、对反应基态与过渡态的稳定作用, 以及构建质子迁移桥梁等多种作用机制; 另一方面, 水分子亦可作为反应物, 直接参与反应中间体或其他客体分子的反应生成新物种. 最后, 总结了当前分子筛催化领域中水的微观作用机制解析所面临的主要挑战, 并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.
综上, 本综述旨在为深入理解含水反应过程中水分子诱导的分子筛骨架结构动态演变、阐明复杂催化反应机理, 以及优化催化反应性能提供理论参考.

关键词: 水, 分子筛, 主-客体相互作用, 分子筛催化, 水促进/抑制催化

Abstract:

Porous molecular sieve catalysts, including aluminosilicate zeolites and silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves, have found widespread use in heterogeneous catalysis and are expected to play a key role in advancing carbon neutrality and sustainable development. Given the ubiquitous presence of water during catalyst synthesis, storage, and application, the interactions between water and molecular sieves as well as their consequent effects on frameworks and catalytic reactions have attracted considerable attention. These effects are inherently complex and highly dependent on various factors such as temperature, water phase, and partial pressure. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of water-molecular sieve interactions and their roles in catalysis, based on both experimental and theoretical calculation results. Special attention is paid to water-induced reversible and irreversible structural changes in aluminosilicate and SAPO frameworks at the atomic level, underscoring the dynamic and labile nature of these frameworks in water environments. The influence of water on catalytic performance and reaction kinetics in molecular sieve-catalyzed reactions is discussed from two perspectives: (1) its participation in reaction through hydrogen bonding interactions, such as competitive adsorption at active sites, stabilization of ground and transition states, and proton transfer bridge; (2) its role as a direct reactant forming new species via reactions with other guest molecules. Recent advancements in this area provide valuable insights for the rational design and optimization of catalysts for water-involved reactions.

Key words: Water, Molecular sieves, Host-guest interactions, Molecular sieve catalysis, Water-assisted/inhibited catalysis