静电纺丝技术与MOFs结合: 推动高性能锌空气电池发展

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64817-0

催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 79: 32-67.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64817-0

静电纺丝技术与MOFs结合: 推动高性能锌空气电池发展

郭昊天^a, 赵路路^a, 刘欣宇^a, 李晶^b, 王鹏飞^a, 柳宗琳^a, 王琳琳^a, 舒杰^c, 伊廷锋^a^,^b^,^d^,^*()

^a东北大学材料科学与工程学院, 辽宁沈阳110819
^b西南科技大学材料与化学学院, 环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室, 四川绵阳621010
^c宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院, 浙江宁波315211
^d东北大学秦皇岛分校资源与材料学院, 河北省电介质与电解质功能材料重点实验室, 河北秦皇岛066004

收稿日期:2025-05-25 接受日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-10-27
通讯作者: 伊廷锋
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52574348);国家自然科学基金(52374301);环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室开放基金(24kfhg06);河北省自然科学基金(E2024501010);河北省自然科学基金(B2024501004);石家庄市驻冀高校基础研究项目(241790667A);中央高校基本业务费(N2423013);东北大学秦皇岛分校河北省电介质与电解质功能材料重点实验室绩效补助经费(22567627H)

Electrospinning technology combined with MOFs: Bridging the development of high-performance zinc-air batteries

Haotian Guo^a, Lulu Zhao^a, Xinyu Liu^a, Jing Li^b, Pengfei Wang^a, Zonglin Liu^a, Linlin Wang^a, Jie Shu^c, Tingfeng Yi^a^,^b^,^d^,^*()

^aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
^bState Key Laboratory of Environmental-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
^cSchool of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
^dKey Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China

Received:2025-05-25 Accepted:2025-07-28 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-10-27
Contact: Tingfeng Yi
About author:Ting-Feng Yi (School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao) received M.S. degree in 2004 and Ph.D. degree in 2007 from Harbin Institute of Technology. He joined the Anhui University of Technology as an assistant professor in 2007 and was promoted to a full professorship in 2011. His research focuses on electrocatalysis, water electrolysis and chemical energy conversation, combining experimental investigations with theoretical simulation. He has published over 240 peer-reviewed papers and holds 17 Chinese invention patents and 2 Dutch invention patents. His work has been cited over 11,000 times. In addition, as editor in chief, he also wrote two books: Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries, and Fundamentals and Applications of Sodium Ion Batteries. He was invited as a member of the Senior Editorial Board of Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica Since 2024.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52574348);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374301);Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials(24kfhg06);Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2024501010);Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2024501004);Shijiazhuang Basic Research Project(241790667A);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2423013);Performance Subsidy Fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric, Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province(22567627H)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球能源转型加速, 开发高效且可持续的储能技术十分关键. 锌空气电池(ZABs)因其高理论能量密度和低成本的优势, 成为有力的竞争者. 在该类电池中, 开发高效的氧还原反应(ORR)/氧析出反应(OER)催化剂对提升其电化学性能至关重要. 金属有机框架(MOF)是一种通过配位键将有机和无机成分结合的多孔材料. 而MOF衍生的材料不仅能保留前驱体的高比表面积和高孔隙率, 还能有效提高导电性和电荷转移效率. 研究发现, 通过静电纺丝技术与MOF结合, 将MOF集成到连续纳米纤维网络中可以有效避免MOF结构坍塌、低导电性以及活性位点溶出等问题. 所制备的静电纺丝-MOF复合材料能有效提高锌空气电池的电化学性能. 因此, 深入探讨静电纺丝-MOF复合材料的协同构建、形貌特征以及性能提升策略, 对于开发用于锌空气电池的高性能氧电催化剂具有重要意义.
本文系统总结了静电纺丝-MOF复合材料在锌空气电池领域的研究进展, 从静电纺丝技术与MOF前驱体结合的优势、复合材料的不同纤维形貌, 以及催化剂的性能提升策略等方面进行阐述. 首先, 简要介绍了静电纺丝的工作原理和MOF作为前驱体的优点, 特别强调了两者结合的制备方法和协同优势. 具体体现在增强催化剂结构稳定性、提升电子/离子传输效率等方面. 然后, 从理论描述符、塔菲尔斜率分析和锌空气电池失效机制三个方面进行讨论, 为氧电催化剂的设计提供理论支撑. 随后, 重点介绍了多孔、中空、核壳和珠串四种特征纤维形貌的制备方法、结构特点及其应用于锌空气电池带来的性能提升. 此外, 进一步讨论了提升静电纺丝-MOF复合材料催化性能的策略, 深入分析了不同过渡金属中心对催化活性的影响. 通过多金属协同效应, 能够优化电子结构、调控中间体吸附能并降低反应能垒, 从而有效提升催化性能. 之后此外, 还探讨了大语言模型在三金属催化剂设计中的应用潜力. 杂原子掺杂与缺陷工程的协同调控被证明是另一有效策略, 通过调变电子结构、增加活性位点和改善电荷转移效率, 从而有效增强了催化剂的性能. 最后, 讨论了静电纺丝-MOF氧电催化剂迈向工业化生产面临的挑战. 未来研究应聚焦于推动跨学科协同攻关, 以提升材料的生产效率与产品质量, 促进规模化生产. 同时, 利用先进表征技术, 深入解析催化活性起源, 进一步增强材料的稳定性及抗腐蚀性. 此外, 应深度融合人工智能技术, 从而精确调控静电纺丝参数、预测催化剂性能, 加速材料的筛选与优化进程.
综上所述, 本文系统的总结了近年来静电纺丝-MOF氧电催化剂应用于锌空气电池中的研究进展以及面临的挑战和未来的发展方向, 以期为理解先进能量转换和存储设备的设计和制造提供有价值的见解和指导.

关键词: 锌空气电池, 氧还原反应, 氧析出反应, 静电纺丝, 金属有机框架, 纳米纤维

Abstract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials formed by the coordination of organic and inorganic components through coordination bonds. MOF-derived materials preserve the large surface area and inherent porosity of their parent structures, while simultaneously offering enhanced electrical conductivity and more efficient charge transport. Studies have shown that integrating electrospinning with MOFs into continuous nanofiber networks can effectively address issues such as MOF structural collapse, low conductivity, and leaching of active sites. Moreover, the electrospinning technique enables fine-tuning of the product’s morphology, architecture, and chemical composition, thereby unlocking new possibilities for advancing high-performance ZABs. This review provides a systematic overview of recent advances in non-precious metal electrocatalysts derived from electrospun-MOF composites and examines the unique advantages of combining electrospinning with MOF precursors in the design of oxygen electrocatalysts. It also investigates the morphological regulation of various fiber structures, including porous, hollow, core-shell, and beaded structures, as well as their influence on the catalytic performance. Finally, the performance enhancement strategies of electrospun-MOF catalyst materials are examined, and the development prospects along with future research directions related to oxygen electrocatalysts based on electrospun nanofibers are emphasized. This thorough review aims to offer meaningful insights and practical guidance for advancing the understanding, design, and fabrication of next-generation devices for energy conversion and storage.

Key words: Zinc-air battery, Oxygen reduction reaction, Oxygen evolution reaction, Electrospinning, Metal-organic frameworks, Nanofibers

郭昊天, 赵路路, 刘欣宇, 李晶, 王鹏飞, 柳宗琳, 王琳琳, 舒杰, 伊廷锋. 静电纺丝技术与MOFs结合: 推动高性能锌空气电池发展[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 79: 32-67.

Haotian Guo, Lulu Zhao, Xinyu Liu, Jing Li, Pengfei Wang, Zonglin Liu, Linlin Wang, Jie Shu, Tingfeng Yi. Electrospinning technology combined with MOFs: Bridging the development of high-performance zinc-air batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2025, 79: 32-67.

×
扫码分享

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64817-0

https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/Y2025/V79/I12/32

图/表 15

Scheme 1. Representative timeline of electrospun-MOF composite materials as oxygen electrocatalysts in the field of ZABs. All insets come from the literature. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [51]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [53]. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2025, Oxford University Press.

Scheme 2. Electrospun-MOF composite materials as oxygen electrocatalysts for ZABs.

Fig. 1. (a) electrospinning equipment and a variety of electrospinning. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [60]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Surface plot of behavior of axial velocity at 10 cm. (c) Surface plot of the behavior of axial velocity at 20 cm. (d) Representation of axial velocity over time for λBratu = 0.5. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [65]. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature.

Fig. 2. Outlines the systematic synthesis process of the Co-based precursor (a) and SEM images (b). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [73]. Copyright 2025, Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Reaction pathway of US-MOFNFs. (d) SEM images of MOFs obtained under solvothermal conditions for 6 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [75]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (e) Schematic diagram depicting the fabrication process of the CoNP/SA-NC/Fe-NCNTs electrocatalyst. (f) The HRTEM patterns of CoNP/SA-NC/Fe-NCNTs catalyst. (g) HAADF-STEM diagrams of CoNP/SA-NC/Fe-NCNTs catalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [77]. Copyright 2025 Wiley-VCH. (h) SEM images of Fe-ZIF-8/ZIF-8. SEM photographs of Fe-8/8-CN (i) and Fe-8-CN (j). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [81]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 3. (a) Illustration depicting the fabrication procedure of MAPC (A). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [94]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (b) Schematic diagram depicting the synthesis of MOF@Ru and the detection and adsorption mechanism of AFB1 using a ratiometric fluorescence probe. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [95]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (c) Fabrication of BG-PLA NFMs through coaxial electrospinning technique. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [96]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (d) Scheme for the synthesis of CoxP@CF-900. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [97]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (e) Illustration of the ORR mechanism catalyzed by Ru@FeZn-HNC/CNFs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [98]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (f) Schematic diagram of PMMNFs@Zn/Co-ZIF synthesis. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [99]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier.

Fig. 4. (a) Preparation Process of Fe-ZCNF. (b) High-resolution SEM image. (c) galvanostatic charge-discharge voltage cycling curve at 10 mA cm-2. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [148]. Copyright 2025 Elsevier. (d) Schematic depiction of the fabrication route for ZxNy-CNFs. (e) Galvanostatic cycling stability of ZABs at 5 mA cm-2. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [149]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (f) Schematic illustration of the synthesis procedure of FeN4-NFS-CNF. (g) SEM images of FeN4-NFS-CN. (h,i) TEM images of FeN4-NFS-CNF. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [155]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH. (j) Schematic diagram of the synthesis process for NiCo@C@CoMn CNFs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [156]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (k) Galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling curves at 5 mA cm-2, and the insert is the photo of the solid battery with different bending angles. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [51]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH.

Fig. 5. (a) Illustration of the fabrication process for Co-doped flexible carbon nanofiber membranes via the core-shell electrospinning method. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [160]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (b) TEM images of the Co-NFs. (c,d) TEM images of the Co-CSNFs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [161]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (e) Stepwise synthesis diagram of CNFs/CoZn-MOF@COF composite. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [163]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (f) Schematic of ORR process in bead-like Co-N-C/CNF composite. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [166]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature. (g,h,i) TEM images of Fe@NC-Ac-2S-800. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [167]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (j) Schematic diagram about the beaded Fe, Co-N-C/CNF catalyst for ORR and OER reactions. (k) Schematic illustration about covalent bond hybridization between active centers and ORR (OER) intermediates for Fe, Co-N-C/CNF. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [168]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society.

Table 1 Comparison of physical parameters and electrochemical parameters of catalysts with different fiber morphologies.

Catalysts	Voltage (kV)	Electrospinning solution (precursor/polymer/solvent)	Working distance (cm)/temperature (°C)/humidity (%)	Annealing temperature (°C)	Morphology	Active sites	Surface area (BET N₂ adsorption- desorption measurements) (m² g^-1)	E_1/2 [V] (ORR) Pt/C	E_j₌₁₀ [V] (OER)/ RuO₂	Electrolyte ORR/OER 1600 rpm/0 rpm	Peak PC [mW cm^-2] @Window voltage [V]	Cycling stability	Rate performance	Ref.
Fe-ZCNF	22	ZIF-8/ PAN/DMF	15/—/—	900 (N₂, 2 h)	porous	Fe-N_x	1035.5	0.88/ 0.86	1.63/ 1.6	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH	179.2@ 0.75	>200 h/10 mA cm^-2	Stable discharge voltage plateau at 10-100 mA cm^-2	[148]
ZN₃- CNFs- 900	15	ZnCo-ZIF/ PVP, PAN/DMF	12/18-22/45	900 (N₂, 2 h)	porous	Co-N_x	562.77	0.834/ 0.824	1.695/ 1.692	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	111@ 0.63	400 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[149]
N-CNT@ MOF-Co/HO-BN/CNFs	18	Co(NO₃)₂/ HO-BN/PAN/DMF	15/	1000 (N₂, 2 h)	porous	Co-N_x	352	0.84/ 0.84	1.51/ 1.49 (IrO₂)	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH	142.9@ 0.45	>200 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[150]
FeN₄- NFS-CNF	19	ZnFe-ZIF/ PAN, PMMA/DMF	15/—/—	1000 (N₂, 1 h)	hollow	Fe-N₄	1693.98	0.90/ 0.84	1.50/ 1.57	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	201.5@ 0.6	1000 h /10 mA cm^-2	0.25V gap @10mA cm^-2, Holds 1.14V @50mA cm^-2, Superior to Pt/C	[155]
NiCo@C@CoMnCNFs	15	Ni (Ac)₂, Co (Ac)₂/ PMMA, PVP, PAN/ DMF	15/25-30 /30-40	800 (Ar, 2 h)	hollow	CoMn,NiCo	325.9	0.82/ 0.83	1.628/ 1.738	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	130.3@ 0.59	1650 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[156]
NiFe@ C@Co CNFs	15	Ni(Ac)₂, Fe(AcAc)₃/ PAN, PMMA/ DMAC	15/25/25	800 (N₂, 2 h)	hollow	Co-N, NiFe-N	209	0.87/ 0.85	1.6/1.599	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	130@ 0.52	67 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[51]
Co-N- CCNFMs	20	Zn/Co-ZIFs/ PVP, PAN/DMF	—	500 (Ar, 1 h), 900 (Ar, 1 h)	core- shell	Co-N₄	750.87	0.84/ 0.85	1.559/ >1.599	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH	61.5@ 0.6	37 h/2 mA cm^-2	Voltage retention = 100% from 1 to 15 mA cm^-2	[160]
Co- CSNFs	18	Co (NO₃)₂·6H₂O/PAN/DMF	—	1000 (N₂, 1h)	core- shell	Co-N_x	—	0.86/ 0.88	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	57.48@ 0.58	366 h/-	—	[161]
CNFs/CoZn-MOF@COF	17	2-MeIM /PAN/DMF	19/—/—	800(Ar, 2h)	core- shell	Co-N_x, Zn-N_x	381.26	0.82/ 0.83	1.573/-	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	203.63@ 0.74	180 h/10 mA cm^-2	Outperforms Pt/C in rate performance over the range of 2-50 mA cm^-2	[163]
Co-N-C/CNF	18	ZIF-67 /PAN/DMF	—	800(Ar, 1h)	beaded	Co_NP-N₁-C₂	332.5	0.859/ 0.857	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/-	159@ 0.68	>100 h/10 mA cm^-2	Outperforms Pt/C in rate performance over 2-15 mA cm^-2	[166]
Fe, Co-N-C/CNF	17	Fe, Co-ZIF /PAN/ methanol	18-25/—/—	800(Ar, 1h)	beaded	Fe-N_x, Co-N_x	299.9	0.878/0.857	1.624	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	152@ 0.68	120 h/10 mA cm^-2	—	[168]
CoSe₂@NC@ NCNFs	15	ZIF-67 /PAN/DMF	15/—/—	1000 (Ar)	beaded	Co-N_x-C, CoSe₂	125.6	0.80/ 0.86	1.51/ 1.53	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	126.8@ 0.6	>240 cycles /10 mA cm^-2	Outperforms Pt/C in rate performance over 1-25 mA cm^-2	[169]

Table 1 Comparison of physical parameters and electrochemical parameters of catalysts with different fiber morphologies.

Catalysts	Voltage (kV)	Electrospinning solution (precursor/polymer/solvent)	Working distance (cm)/temperature (°C)/humidity (%)	Annealing temperature (°C)	Morphology	Active sites	Surface area (BET N₂ adsorption- desorption measurements) (m² g^-1)	E_1/2 [V] (ORR) Pt/C	E_j₌₁₀ [V] (OER)/ RuO₂	Electrolyte ORR/OER 1600 rpm/0 rpm	Peak PC [mW cm^-2] @Window voltage [V]	Cycling stability	Rate performance	Ref.
Fe-ZCNF	22	ZIF-8/ PAN/DMF	15/—/—	900 (N₂, 2 h)	porous	Fe-N_x	1035.5	0.88/ 0.86	1.63/ 1.6	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH	179.2@ 0.75	>200 h/10 mA cm^-2	Stable discharge voltage plateau at 10-100 mA cm^-2	[148]
ZN₃- CNFs- 900	15	ZnCo-ZIF/ PVP, PAN/DMF	12/18-22/45	900 (N₂, 2 h)	porous	Co-N_x	562.77	0.834/ 0.824	1.695/ 1.692	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	111@ 0.63	400 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[149]
N-CNT@ MOF-Co/HO-BN/CNFs	18	Co(NO₃)₂/ HO-BN/PAN/DMF	15/	1000 (N₂, 2 h)	porous	Co-N_x	352	0.84/ 0.84	1.51/ 1.49 (IrO₂)	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH	142.9@ 0.45	>200 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[150]
FeN₄- NFS-CNF	19	ZnFe-ZIF/ PAN, PMMA/DMF	15/—/—	1000 (N₂, 1 h)	hollow	Fe-N₄	1693.98	0.90/ 0.84	1.50/ 1.57	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	201.5@ 0.6	1000 h /10 mA cm^-2	0.25V gap @10mA cm^-2, Holds 1.14V @50mA cm^-2, Superior to Pt/C	[155]
NiCo@C@CoMnCNFs	15	Ni (Ac)₂, Co (Ac)₂/ PMMA, PVP, PAN/ DMF	15/25-30 /30-40	800 (Ar, 2 h)	hollow	CoMn,NiCo	325.9	0.82/ 0.83	1.628/ 1.738	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	130.3@ 0.59	1650 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[156]
NiFe@ C@Co CNFs	15	Ni(Ac)₂, Fe(AcAc)₃/ PAN, PMMA/ DMAC	15/25/25	800 (N₂, 2 h)	hollow	Co-N, NiFe-N	209	0.87/ 0.85	1.6/1.599	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	130@ 0.52	67 h/5 mA cm^-2	—	[51]
Co-N- CCNFMs	20	Zn/Co-ZIFs/ PVP, PAN/DMF	—	500 (Ar, 1 h), 900 (Ar, 1 h)	core- shell	Co-N₄	750.87	0.84/ 0.85	1.559/ >1.599	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH	61.5@ 0.6	37 h/2 mA cm^-2	Voltage retention = 100% from 1 to 15 mA cm^-2	[160]
Co- CSNFs	18	Co (NO₃)₂·6H₂O/PAN/DMF	—	1000 (N₂, 1h)	core- shell	Co-N_x	—	0.86/ 0.88	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	57.48@ 0.58	366 h/-	—	[161]
CNFs/CoZn-MOF@COF	17	2-MeIM /PAN/DMF	19/—/—	800(Ar, 2h)	core- shell	Co-N_x, Zn-N_x	381.26	0.82/ 0.83	1.573/-	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	203.63@ 0.74	180 h/10 mA cm^-2	Outperforms Pt/C in rate performance over the range of 2-50 mA cm^-2	[163]
Co-N-C/CNF	18	ZIF-67 /PAN/DMF	—	800(Ar, 1h)	beaded	Co_NP-N₁-C₂	332.5	0.859/ 0.857	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/-	159@ 0.68	>100 h/10 mA cm^-2	Outperforms Pt/C in rate performance over 2-15 mA cm^-2	[166]
Fe, Co-N-C/CNF	17	Fe, Co-ZIF /PAN/ methanol	18-25/—/—	800(Ar, 1h)	beaded	Fe-N_x, Co-N_x	299.9	0.878/0.857	1.624	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	152@ 0.68	120 h/10 mA cm^-2	—	[168]
CoSe₂@NC@ NCNFs	15	ZIF-67 /PAN/DMF	15/—/—	1000 (Ar)	beaded	Co-N_x-C, CoSe₂	125.6	0.80/ 0.86	1.51/ 1.53	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	126.8@ 0.6	>240 cycles /10 mA cm^-2	Outperforms Pt/C in rate performance over 1-25 mA cm^-2	[169]

Fig. 6. (a) EPR spectra of the Fe-N4-C and Fe-N4/NGC-C. Magnetic susceptibility of Fe-N4-C (b) and Fe-N4/NGC-C (c). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2025, Oxford University Press. (d) ORR polarization curves for the initial and 20000 cycles, respectively. (e) Normalized chronoamperometric curves of FeN4-FeNCP@MCF, FeN4@MCF, and Pt/C catalyst at 0.7 V versus RHE. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [177]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH. (f) AC-HAADF-STEM of Fe SACs@PNCNFs. (g) LSV curves for OER in 0.1 mol L-1 KOH at 1600 rpm. (h) Tafel slopes. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [178]. Copyright 2025, Wiley-VCH. Co K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra (i) and FT k2-weighted EXAFS spectra (j) for CoN5/PCNF, CoN4/PCNF and the reference samples of bulk Co, Co3O4, and CoPc. (k) In-situ Raman spectra of CoN5/PCNF recorded at various potentials in O2-saturated 0.1 mol L-1 KOH electrolyte. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [181]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH.

Fig. 7. (a) Adsorption configurations at each key step on the Fe5@FeN4 and Co2Fe2@CoN4 sites in the Co2Fe2@CoN4─Fe5@FeN4 model. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [188]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH. (b) TDOS curves. (c) ORR free energy diagrams of FeN4 site in NiN4-FeN4, and FeN4 site in NiN4-Fe5-FeN4 at 0 and 1.23 V vs. RHE. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [191]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (d) Free energy diagram of ORR steps on Fe-N4/Mn-N4 and Fe-N4. (e) Differential charge density of Fe-N4/Mn-N4 and Fe-N4. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [192]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH. (f) Illustration of the formation for ES-Co/Zn-CNZIF with the proposed molecular structure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier.

Fig. 8. (a) Geometric structures of single-atom, homo-/hetero-dual-atom, and homo-/hetero-trimetallic atom catalysts (TACs). (b) A smartwatch and a phone that are powered with an FSS-ZAB under the bent condition. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [196]. Copyright 2025, Wiley-VCH. (c) Atomic structures of electrocatalysts. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [197]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (d) Illustration of the synthetic process for S/N-CMF@FexCoyNi1-x-y-MOF. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [32]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH. (e) Predictive performance of eight distinct ML regression models to minimize the overpotential. (f) Pearson correlation matrix. (g) Importance feature bar graph. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [200]. Copyright 2025, Wiley-VCH.

Fig. 9. (a) Electrospinning-based synthesis of Co, Ni-SAs/S, N-CNFs membrane catalyst. (b) High-resolution XPS spectra of S 2p orbitals of Co, Ni-SAs/S, N-CNFs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [218]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (c) Synthesis route of ZIF-8 and ZIF-8 derived carbon. (d) Synthesis route of Zn-Im fibers and derived porous carbon fibers. (e) Synthesis route of high-content pyrrole-type Fe-N-C catalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [219]. Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry. (f) XPS high-resolution energy spectrum of Co 2p. (g) OER polarization curves of different catalysts measured in 1 mol L-1 KOH solution at 1600 r min-1. (h) Overall polarization curves of different catalysts over the entire ORR and OER region. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [220]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH.

Table 2 Summary of electrocatalytic and ZAB performance of electrospun-MOF composites as oxygen catalysts.

Catalysts	ORR and OER performance					ZAB performance						Ref.
Catalysts	E_1/2 [V] (ORR)/ Pt/C	E_j₌₁₀ [V] (OER)/RuO₂	ΔE [V]		Electrolyte ORR/OER 1600 rpm/0 rpm		Electrolyte	OCV [V]	Peak PC [mW cm^-2] @Window voltage [V]	Specific capacity (mAh g^-1)/ Current density (mA cm^-2)	Durability time (h)/ Current density (mA cm^-2)	Ref.
CoNC/ NCNTs@CNF	0.78/0.78	1.62/1.55	0.84/ 0.77		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH	1.423	260@0.7	—	43/5	[49]
Co/CNWs/CNFs	0.82/0.85	1.64/—	0.82/—		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.46	304@0.40	823/5	1500/5	[50]
NiFe@C@Co CNFs	0.87/0.85	1.6/1.599	0.73/ 0.749		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.44	130@0.52	694/5	67/5	[51]
ES-Co/Zn-CN_ZIF	0.857/ 0.834	1.692/1.603	0.835/ 0.769		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.527	215@0.65	802.6/10	254/10	[52]
CNT@Co- CNF_F50-900	0.871/ 0.866	1.61/ 1.63(Ir/C)	0.74/ 0.764		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH	1.50	371@0.6	778/10	>130/2	[53]
Fe-N₄/N_GC-C	0.87/ <0.87	—	—		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.48	225@0.67	812/10	>1200 cycles /10	[54]
CoNC-HCNFs	0.83/0.83	1.57/1.55	0.74/ 0.72		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.41	255@-	—	4/1	[99]
Fe-ZCNF	0.88/0.86	1.63/1.6	0.75/ 0.74		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.59	179.2@ 0.75	788.5/10	>200/10	[148]
ZN₃-CNFs-900	0.834/ 0.824	1.695/1.692	0.861/ 0.868		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.43	111@0.63	791.6/5	400/5	[149]
N-CNT@MOF-Co/HO-BN/CNFs	0.84/0.84	1.51/1.49 (IrO₂)	0.67/ 0.65		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.448	142.9@ 0.45	700/5	>200/5	[150]
FeN₄-NFS-CNF	0.90/0.84	1.50/1.57	0.60/ 0.73	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.58	201.5@0.6	802/	1000/10	[155]
NiCo@C@ CoMnCNFs	0.82/0.83	1.628/1.738	0.808/ 0.908	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.44	130.3@ 0.59	798.4/5	1650/5	[156]
Co-CSNFs	0.86/0.88	1.70/1.69	0.84/ 0.81	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH		1.37	57.48@ 0.58	—	366/—	[161]
CNFs/CoZn-MOF@COF	0.82/0.83	1.573/1.592	0.753/ 0.762	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.46	203.63@ 0.74	802.91/10	180/10	[163]
Co-N-C/CNF	0.859/ 0.857	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.452	159@0.68	755/10	>100/10	[166]
Fe, Co-N-C/CNF	0.878/ 0.857	1.624/1.608	0.746/ 0.751	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.426	152@0.68	809.2/10	120/10	[168]
CoSe₂@NC@ NCNFs	0.80/0.86	1.51/1.53	0.71/ 0.67	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.43	126.8@0.6	763.1/10	>240 cycles/ 10	[169]
FeN₄-FeNCP@MCF	0.894/ 0.865	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.489	208.1@ 0.65	—	>350/5	[177]
Fe SACs@PNCNFs	0.89/0.87	1.65/1.61	0.76/ 0.74	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.445	163@0.67	816/ 20	>200/5	[178]
CoN₅/PCNF	0.92/ 0.856	1.53/1.58	0.61/ 0.724	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.52	273.8@ 0.63	784.2/10	>600/10	[181]
Co, Fe-DACs/ NCs@PCF	0.871/ 0.85	1.588/1.6	0.717/ 0.75	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.552	189.4@0.6	899.4/10	1500/2	[188]
Co_SANi-NCNT/CNF	0.86/0.85	1.47/1.478 (IrO₂)	0.618/ 0.628	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.54	132.23@ 0.53	803.5/10	120/10	[182]
NiN₄-Fe₅-FeN₄@ PCF	0.878/ 0.861	1.626/1.616	0.748/ 0.755	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.58	—	781.8/10	>900/2	[191]
FeMn-N-C	0.92/0.86	1.6/—	0.68/—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.494	151@0.63	795/—	700/10	[192]
Co/Zn@NCF	0.84/0.84	1.69/1.69 (IrO₂)	0.85/ 0.85	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 ZnCl₂		1.42	202@0.6	760/10	666/5	[140]
Co,Ni-SAs/S, N-CNFs	0.84/ <0.84	1.82/—	0.98/—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 ZnCl₂		1.40	175@0.525	762/10	227/5	[218]
Im-Fe-NS-900	0.89/0.84	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.47	68.2@—	—	>90/5	[219]
CoP/CNF	0.78/0.82	1.56/1.54 (IrO₂)	0.78/ 0.72	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.43	164@0.65	780 /10	1200/5	[220]
NPS-HPCNF	0.86/0.83	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.51	210@0.625	795/	>1000/20	[223]

Table 2 Summary of electrocatalytic and ZAB performance of electrospun-MOF composites as oxygen catalysts.

Catalysts	ORR and OER performance					ZAB performance						Ref.
Catalysts	E_1/2 [V] (ORR)/ Pt/C	E_j₌₁₀ [V] (OER)/RuO₂	ΔE [V]		Electrolyte ORR/OER 1600 rpm/0 rpm		Electrolyte	OCV [V]	Peak PC [mW cm^-2] @Window voltage [V]	Specific capacity (mAh g^-1)/ Current density (mA cm^-2)	Durability time (h)/ Current density (mA cm^-2)	Ref.
CoNC/ NCNTs@CNF	0.78/0.78	1.62/1.55	0.84/ 0.77		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH	1.423	260@0.7	—	43/5	[49]
Co/CNWs/CNFs	0.82/0.85	1.64/—	0.82/—		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.46	304@0.40	823/5	1500/5	[50]
NiFe@C@Co CNFs	0.87/0.85	1.6/1.599	0.73/ 0.749		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.44	130@0.52	694/5	67/5	[51]
ES-Co/Zn-CN_ZIF	0.857/ 0.834	1.692/1.603	0.835/ 0.769		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.527	215@0.65	802.6/10	254/10	[52]
CNT@Co- CNF_F50-900	0.871/ 0.866	1.61/ 1.63(Ir/C)	0.74/ 0.764		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH	1.50	371@0.6	778/10	>130/2	[53]
Fe-N₄/N_GC-C	0.87/ <0.87	—	—		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.48	225@0.67	812/10	>1200 cycles /10	[54]
CoNC-HCNFs	0.83/0.83	1.57/1.55	0.74/ 0.72		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.41	255@-	—	4/1	[99]
Fe-ZCNF	0.88/0.86	1.63/1.6	0.75/ 0.74		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.59	179.2@ 0.75	788.5/10	>200/10	[148]
ZN₃-CNFs-900	0.834/ 0.824	1.695/1.692	0.861/ 0.868		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.43	111@0.63	791.6/5	400/5	[149]
N-CNT@MOF-Co/HO-BN/CNFs	0.84/0.84	1.51/1.49 (IrO₂)	0.67/ 0.65		0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂	1.448	142.9@ 0.45	700/5	>200/5	[150]
FeN₄-NFS-CNF	0.90/0.84	1.50/1.57	0.60/ 0.73	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.58	201.5@0.6	802/	1000/10	[155]
NiCo@C@ CoMnCNFs	0.82/0.83	1.628/1.738	0.808/ 0.908	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.44	130.3@ 0.59	798.4/5	1650/5	[156]
Co-CSNFs	0.86/0.88	1.70/1.69	0.84/ 0.81	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH		1.37	57.48@ 0.58	—	366/—	[161]
CNFs/CoZn-MOF@COF	0.82/0.83	1.573/1.592	0.753/ 0.762	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.46	203.63@ 0.74	802.91/10	180/10	[163]
Co-N-C/CNF	0.859/ 0.857	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.452	159@0.68	755/10	>100/10	[166]
Fe, Co-N-C/CNF	0.878/ 0.857	1.624/1.608	0.746/ 0.751	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.426	152@0.68	809.2/10	120/10	[168]
CoSe₂@NC@ NCNFs	0.80/0.86	1.51/1.53	0.71/ 0.67	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.43	126.8@0.6	763.1/10	>240 cycles/ 10	[169]
FeN₄-FeNCP@MCF	0.894/ 0.865	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.489	208.1@ 0.65	—	>350/5	[177]
Fe SACs@PNCNFs	0.89/0.87	1.65/1.61	0.76/ 0.74	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.445	163@0.67	816/ 20	>200/5	[178]
CoN₅/PCNF	0.92/ 0.856	1.53/1.58	0.61/ 0.724	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.52	273.8@ 0.63	784.2/10	>600/10	[181]
Co, Fe-DACs/ NCs@PCF	0.871/ 0.85	1.588/1.6	0.717/ 0.75	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.552	189.4@0.6	899.4/10	1500/2	[188]
Co_SANi-NCNT/CNF	0.86/0.85	1.47/1.478 (IrO₂)	0.618/ 0.628	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1.0 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.54	132.23@ 0.53	803.5/10	120/10	[182]
NiN₄-Fe₅-FeN₄@ PCF	0.878/ 0.861	1.626/1.616	0.748/ 0.755	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.58	—	781.8/10	>900/2	[191]
FeMn-N-C	0.92/0.86	1.6/—	0.68/—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.494	151@0.63	795/—	700/10	[192]
Co/Zn@NCF	0.84/0.84	1.69/1.69 (IrO₂)	0.85/ 0.85	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 ZnCl₂		1.42	202@0.6	760/10	666/5	[140]
Co,Ni-SAs/S, N-CNFs	0.84/ <0.84	1.82/—	0.98/—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 0.1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 ZnCl₂		1.40	175@0.525	762/10	227/5	[218]
Im-Fe-NS-900	0.89/0.84	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.47	68.2@—	—	>90/5	[219]
CoP/CNF	0.78/0.82	1.56/1.54 (IrO₂)	0.78/ 0.72	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/ 1 mol L^-1 KOH		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.43	164@0.65	780 /10	1200/5	[220]
NPS-HPCNF	0.86/0.83	—	—	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH/—		6 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.2 mol L^-1 Zn(Ac)₂		1.51	210@0.625	795/	>1000/20	[223]

Fig. 10. Summary and outlook of electrospun-MOF composites as oxygen electrocatalysts.

Fig. 11. Machine learning flowchart.

参考文献

[1]	W. Guan, H. Shao, C. Zhang, X. Qiu, J. Zhao, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, M. Shao, J. Hu, Nano Energy, 2024, 120, 109149.
[2]	X. You, C. Yang, X. Li, Z. Tang, Chin. J. Catal., 2024, 67, 4-20.
[3]	Q.-C. Lin, W.-M. Liao, J. Li, B. Ye, D.-T. Chen, X.-X. Zhou, P.-H. Li, M. Li, M.-D. Li, J. He, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2025, 64, e202423070.
[4]	Y.-K. Liu, C.-Z. Zhao, J. Du, X.-Q. Zhang, A.-B. Chen, Q. Zhang, Small, 2023, 19, 2205315.
[5]	J. Chen, J. Luo, Y. Xiang, Y. Yu, J. Energy Chem., 2024, 91, 178-193.
[6]	G. Wang, L. Xiao, L. Zhuang, Chin. J. Catal., 2024, 56, 1-8.
[7]	S. Zhang, K. Gu, B.-A. Lu, J. Han, J. Zhou, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2024, 40, 2309028.
[8]	C. Huang, H. Zheng, N. Qin, C. Wang, L. Wang, J. Lu, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2024, 40, 2308051.
[9]	Z. Yang, Y. Zhang, J. Xiao, J. Wang, J. Wang, Chin. J. Catal., 2024, 59, 272-281.
[10]	Y. Guo, Y. Xue, Z. Zhou, Chin. J. Catal., 2024, 58, 206-215.
[11]	L. Yu, H. Zhang, L. P. Wang, S. J. H. Ong, S. Xi, B. Chen, R. Guo, T. Wang, Y. Du, W. Chen, O. Lev, Z. J. Xu, Chin. J. Catal., 2024, 63, 224-233.
[12]	T. Li, M. Huang, X. Bai, Y.-X. Wang, Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int., 2023, 33, 151-171.
[13]	L. Zhao, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhu, P. Li, J. Jiang, T. Yang, P. Xiong, X. An, X. Niu, X. Qi, J.-S. Chen, R. Wu, Chin. J. Catal., 2023, 51, 216-224.
[14]	X. Liu, X. Liu, C. Li, B. Yang, L. Wang, Chin. J. Catal., 2023, 45, 27-87.
[15]	D. Qiu, H. Wang, T. Ma, J. Huang, Z. Meng, D. Fan, C. R. Bowen, H. Lu, Y. Liu, S. Chandrasekaran, ACS Nano, 2024, 18, 21651-21684.
[16]	Y. Song, W. Li, K. Zhang, C. Han, A. Pan, Adv. Energy Mater., 2024, 14, 2303352.
[17]	K. Huang, S. Guo, R. Wang, S. Lin, N. Hussain, H. Wei, B. Deng, Y. Long, M. Lei, H. Tang, H. Wu, Chin. J. Catal., 2020, 41, 1754-1760.
[18]	Q. Cao, L. Wan, Z. Xu, W. Kuang, H. Liu, X. Zhang, W. Zhang, Y. Lu, Y. Yao, B. Wang, K. Liu, Adv. Mater., 2023, 35, 2210550.
[19]	P. Du, R. Wang, B. Deng, H. Liu, W. Zhao, X. Xie, C. Yang, Y. Long, C. Yang, X. He, K. Huang, R. Zhang, M. Lei, H. Wu, Nano Energy, 2024, 125, 109600.
[20]	Y. Lim, Y. J. Yoo, B. Kim, S. Kim, G. Y. Kim, W.-H. Ryu, Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 6204-6214.
[21]	Z. Dong, Y. Jia, Z. Wang, A. Rajendran, W.-Y. Li, Green Chem., 2025, 27, 5498-5506.
[22]	A. Sikdar, F. Héraly, H. Zhang, S. Hall, K. Pang, M. Zhang, J. Yuan, ACS Nano, 2024, 18, 3707-3719.
[23]	X. Kong, Y. Li, Z. Liu, Y. Zou, D. Li, J. Liu, W. Wang, C. Wang, C. Xu, X. Wang, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 8817-8828.
[24]	M. Cui, B. Xu, Y. Ding, W. Sun, H. Liu, S. Dou, Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 4010-4035.
[25]	Q. Zhang, J. Liu, Chem. Eur. J., 2024, 30, e202303285.
[26]	Y. Song, C. Tang, T. Wang, Y. Liu, X. He, C. Xie, G. Chen, C. Deng, Z. He, J. Huang, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2024, 670, 160649.
[27]	S. Gao, S. Zhao, X. Tang, L. Sun, Q. Li, H. Yi, Green Energy Environ., 2025, 10, 1187-1209.
[28]	N. Hong, X. Liu, X. Li, S. Peng, C. Liu, H. Li, J. Zeng, T. Liang, X. Qi, New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 11767-11775.
[29]	K. Huang, R. Wang, S. Zhao, P. Du, H. Wang, H. Wei, Y. Long, B. Deng, M. Lei, B. Ge, H. Gou, R. Zhang, H. Wu, Energy Storage Mater., 2020, 29, 156-162.
[30]	N. Deng, H. Gao, G. Wang, L. Zhang, H. Wang, Q. Zeng, J. Yan, T. Zheng, B. Cheng, W. Kang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48, 17489-17500.
[31]	F. Miao, Z. Jing, Z. Zhang, X. Chong, X. Liang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 51, 301-313.
[32]	Y. Zhao, X. F. Lu, Z.-P. Wu, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Adv. Mater., 2023, 35, 2207888.
[33]	Z. Meng, L. Zhu, X. Wang, M. Zhu, Acc. Mater. Res., 2023, 4, 180-192.
[34]	A. H. Oleiwi, A. R. Jabur, Q. F. Alsalhy, Desalin. Water Treat., 2025, 322, 101175.
[35]	T. Zhang, J. Ju, Z. Zhang, D. Su, Y. Wang, W. Kang, J. Energy Chem., 2024, 98, 562-587.
[36]	F. Bayat, Y. Hashtrodylar, H. Karimi, F. Mehryab, A. Haeri, J. Pharm. Investig., 2024, 54, 699-750.
[37]	J. Wang, X. Chen, J. Wang, X. Cui, Z. Wang, G. Zhang, W. Lyu, M. Shkunov, S. R. P. Silva, Y. Liao, K. Yang, W. Yan, Carbon Energy, 2024, 6, e572.
[38]	S. Zhang, Y. Mao, C. Wang, X. Yan, H. Kang, J. Lu, M. Kim, Y. Yamauchi, Sep. Purif. Technol., 2025, 373, 133454.
[39]	P. Lin, X. Lu, B. J. Deka, J. Shang, H. Wu, J. Sun, C. Yi, M. U. Farid, A. K. An, J. Guo, Sep. Purif. Technol., 2025, 356, 129948.
[40]	B. Muthukutty, P. Sathish Kumar, D. Lee, S. Lee, ACS Nano, 2024, 18, 27287-27316.
[41]	Q. Cao, H. Zhu, J. Xu, M. Zhang, T. Xiao, S. Xu, B. Du, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2024, 273, 133037.
[42]	Y. Huang, A. Jiang, D. Wang, Z. Sun, J. Li, W. Yu, R. Yang, J. Energy Storage, 2025, 107, 114854.
[43]	K. A. Adegoke, A. K. Oyebamiji, A. O. Adeola, A. B. Olabintan, K. O. Oyedotun, B. B. Mamba, O. S. Bello, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2024, 517, 215959.
[44]	S. Sanati, A. Morsali, H. García, J. Energy Chem., 2023, 87, 540-567.
[45]	R. A. Mehmood, A. Ali Aslam, M. J. Iqbal, A. H. Sajid, A. Hamza, H. F. Tahira, I. U. Islam, E. Yabalak, Fuel, 2025, 387, 134416.
[46]	M. Kumar, S. Chowdhury, J. K. Randhawa, Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol., 2023, 10, 29-84.
[47]	A. Kim, J. K. Dash, R. Patel, Membranes, 2023, 13, 183.
[48]	Y.-F. Guo, Y. Li, Y.-H. Chen, P.-F. Wang, Y. Xie, T.-F. Yi, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2023, 495, 215383.
[49]	X. Yao, J. Li, Y. Zhu, L. Li, W. Zhang, Compos. Part B, 2020, 193, 108058.
[50]	C. Xia, L. Huang, D. Yan, A. I. Douka, W. Guo, K. Qi, B.-Y. Xia, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2105021.
[51]	X. Chen, J. Pu, X. Hu, Y. Yao, Y. Dou, J. Jiang, W. Zhang, Small, 2022, 18, 2200578.
[52]	Y. Ma, S. Tang, H. Wang, Y. Liang, D. Zhang, X. Xu, Q. Wang, W. Li, J. Energy Chem., 2023, 83, 138-149.
[53]	T. Lu, N. Xu, L. Guo, B. Zhou, L. Dai, W. Yang, G. Liu, J. K. Lee, J. Qiao, Adv. Fiber Mater., 2024, 6, 1108-1121.
[54]	N. Wang, C. Meng, B. Wang, X. Tan, Y. Wan, Y. Yang, D. Kong, W. Wang, F. Cao, A. J. Fielding, L. Li, M. Wu, H. Hu, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2025, 12, nwaf061.
[55]	S. Yao, S. Ramakrishna, G. Chen, Adv. Fiber Mater., 2023, 5, 1592-1617.
[56]	W. A. Ali, S. E. Richards, R. H. Alzard, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2025, 149, 63-93.
[57]	Y. Wang, J. Ma, F. Jin, T. Li, N. Javanmardi, Y. He, G. Zhu, S. Zhang, J.-D. Xu, T. Wang, Z.-Q. Feng, Small Sci., 2024, 4, 2400132.
[58]	J. Zhang, L. Yan, M. Zhou, J. Ma, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, E. Drioli, X. Cheng, Mater. Today Commun., 2024, 41, 110530.
[59]	J. Huang, H. Pang, Z. Liu, X. Wang, C. Zhang, W. Zhang, S. Liu, W. He, Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 491, 151971.
[60]	J.-W. Jung, C.-L. Lee, S. Yu, I.-D. Kim, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 703-750.
[61]	S. Wang, P. Fan, W. Liu, B. Hu, J. Guo, Z. Wang, S. Zhu, Y. Zhao, J. Fan, G. Li, L. Xu, ACS Nano, 2024, 18, 31737-31772.
[62]	A. Bartkowiak, M. Grzeczkowicz, D. Lewińska, Polymers, 2024, 16, 2352.
[63]	J. Liu, Z. Dong, K. Huan, Z. He, Q. Zhang, D. Deng, L. Luo, Molecules, 2024, 29, 2769.
[64]	S. Sigonya, T. C. Mokhena, P. Mayer, T. R. Makhanya, T. H. Mokhothu, Polymers, 2024, 16, 3297.
[65]	I. Patiño Montoya, J. R. Castro-Rodríguez, E. A. López-Maldonado, L. J. Villarreal-Gómez, J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 2024, 46, 148.
[66]	M. A. Munawar, F. Nilsson, D. W. Schubert, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2025, 329, 130009.
[67]	S. M. Rahman, S. Rahman, H. V. Tafreshi, B. Pourdeyhimi, Chem. Eng. J., 2025, 503, 158370.
[68]	Y. Ma, S. Zhang, J. Su, Z. Cao, X. Wang, Y. Chen, X. Ge, Food Eng. Rev., 2025, 17, 1-26.
[69]	F. Lan, G. Huang, Y. Cao, X. Zhang, R. Wang, J. Chen, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 115448.
[70]	B. Zhao, J. Liu, Y. Liu, W. Wen, Z. Li, J. Alloys Compd., 2025, 1011, 178395.
[71]	A. Adhikari, K. Chhetri, R. Rai, D. Acharya, J. Kunwar, R. M. Bhattarai, R. K. Jha, D. Kandel, H. Y. Kim, M. R. Kandel, Nanomaterials, 2023, 13, 2612.
[72]	F. Liu, X. Lu, C. Shi, Z. Sun, Batter. Supercaps, 2024, 7, e202400402.
[73]	J. Zhang, W. Suo, Y. Han, Y. Cao, Y. Xu, M. Wang, Z. Liang, Y. Wang, H. Zheng, R. Cao, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 13, 669-679.
[74]	Y. Dai, G. Zhang, Y. Peng, Y. Li, H. Chi, H. Pang, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 2023, 321, 103022.
[75]	L. Li, Y. Xu, H. Ye, D. Liu, P. Dai, X. Gu, T. Xing, Z. Li, M. Wang, M. Wu, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2025, 687, 830-841.
[76]	S. Liu, Q. Meyer, Y. Li, T. Zhao, Z. Su, K. Ching, C. Zhao, Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 2323-2326.
[77]	J. Zheng, C. Lai, W. Chen, C. Liu, T. Yuan, J. Lv, B. Zhao, D. Dang, G. Long, T. Wang, X. Han, Small, 2025, 21, 2411894.
[78]	S. Askari, S. Dwivedi,M. S. Alivand, K. H. Lim, P. Biniaz, A. Zavabeti, S. Kawi, M. R. Hill, A. C. T. van Duin, A. Tanksale, M. Majumder, P. Chakraborty Banerjee, Small, 2025, 21, 2411574.
[79]	L.-L. Shen, C. Yong, Y. Xu, P. Wu, G.-R. Zhang, D. Mei, ChemCatChem, 2024, 16, e202301379.
[80]	Y. Fan, W. Wang, Y. Chen, Z. Xu, D. Cai, M. Xu, R. Tong, Mater. Chem. Front., 2024, 8, 2394-2419.
[81]	T. Jin, W. Chen, H. Zhuo, W. Li, Z. Fu, L. Feng, Y. Chen, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7, 13547-13556.
[82]	F. Wang, H. Sun, M. Shen, J. Li, N. Wang, H. Meng, Q.-F. An, J. Membr. Sci., 2024, 698, 122615.
[83]	J. Han, H. Zhang, Y. Fan, L. Zhou, Z. Zhang, P. Li, Z. Li, Y. Du, Q. Meng, Molecules, 2024, 29, 1615.
[84]	X. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Guo, H. Pang, Adv. Fiber Mater., 2022, 4, 1463-1485.
[85]	G. Tatrari, R. An, F. U. Shah, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2024, 512, 215876.
[86]	H. Wu, Y. Lu, H. Han, Z. Yan, J. Chen, Small, 2024, 20, 2309801.
[87]	G. Zheng, Z. Zeng, Y. Chen, X. Wang, D. Sun, C. Cui, J. Energy Storage, 2024, 86, 111285.
[88]	Y. Dou, W. Zhang, A. Kaiser, Adv. Sci., 2020, 7, 1902590.
[89]	Y. Xiao, Y. Wu, C. Sun, F. Sun, E. Zhou, C. Lei, D. Zhang, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 115198.
[90]	Y. Xia, F. Shi, R. Liu, H. Zhu, K. Liu, C. Ren, J. Li, Z. Yang, Anal. Chem., 2024, 96, 1345-1353.
[91]	G. H. F. Melo, Y. Liu, U. Sundararaj, Fibres. Polym., 2024, 25, 3293-3306.
[92]	R. Ostermann, J. Cravillon, C. Weidmann, M. Wiebcke, B. M. Smarsly, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 442-444.
[93]	C. Yao, T. Hussain, B. Hu, J. Yang, J. Liu, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2024, 967, 118495.
[94]	Y. Li, Y. Teng, S. Jia, P. Lin, T. Yang, H. Zhang, L. Li, C. Wang, X. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2024, 677, 161031.
[95]	R. Sun, P. Liu, Y. Ma, Q. Yang, Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 488, 150943.
[96]	G. Zhu, C. Wang, T. Yang, N. Gao, Y. Zhang, J. Zhu, X. He, J. Shao, S. Li, M. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Gao, H. Xu, J. Hazard. Mater., 2024, 474, 134781.
[97]	J. Hu, Y. Qin, H. Sun, Y. Ma, L. Lin, Y. Peng, J. Zhong, M. Chen, X. Zhao, Z. Deng, Small, 2022, 18, 2106260.
[98]	M. Wang, Y. Song, H. Diao, W. Sun, S. Dong, D. Yuan, J. Energy Storage, 2025, 109, 115229.
[99]	L. Sun, H. Xu, Y. Yang, L. Li, X. Zhao, W. Zhang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48, 5095-5106.
[100]	Z. Zhu, P. Liu, P. Du, B. Yu, X. Li, Y. Wang, L.-P. Lv, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2023, 62, 169-179.
[101]	C.-X. Xu, J.-J. Zhang, H.-R. Dou, Y.-Z. Li, D.-M. Li, Y.-J. Zhang, B. Liu, P. Inbaraj, P.-P. Huo, Rare Metals, 2025, 44, 3156-3169.
[102]	Y. Che, X. Liu, M. Li, X. Liu, M. Wang, Q. Song, H. Xing, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2023, 634, 157699.
[103]	K. Lai, F. Li, N. Li, Y. Gao, L. Ge, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2024, 40, 2304018.
[104]	C. Li, S. Dong, R. Tang, X. Ge, Z. Zhang, C. Wang, Y. Lu, L. Yin, Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, 3201-3211.
[105]	J. Zeng, W. Xie, H. Zhou, T. Zhao, B.-B. Xu, Q. Jiang, H. Algadi, Z. Zhou, H. Gu, Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater., 2023, 6, 64.
[106]	X. Zhao, Z. Hao, X. Zhang, L. Li, Y. Gao, L. Liu, Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 497, 155005.
[107]	J. Li, Y. Qin, Z. Bai, S. Li, L. Li, B. Ouyang, E. Kan, W. Zhang, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2024, 648, 159080.
[108]	S. Jiao, X. Fu, H. Huang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2022, 32, 2107651.
[109]	J. Guo, Y. Haghshenas, Y. Jiao, P. Kumar, B. I. Yakobson, A. Roy, Y. Jiao, K. Regenauer-Lieb, D. Nguyen, Z. Xia, Adv. Mater., 2024, 36, 2407102.
[110]	F. Lai, H. Shang, Y. Jiao, X. Chen, T. Zhang, X. Liu, Interdiscip. Mater., 2024, 3, 492-529.
[111]	X. Shi, J. Du, L. Jia, Y. Gong, J. Jin, H. Wang, R. Wang, L. Zhao, B. He, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15, 26766-26777.
[112]	C. Ni, K. Wang, L. Jin, Y. Liu, J. Chen, L. Yang, C. Ji, H. Xu, Z. Li, L. Tian, Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 658-668.
[113]	Z. Chen, T. Ma, W. Wei, W.-Y. Wong, C. Zhao, B.-J. Ni, Adv. Mater., 2024, 36, 2401568.
[114]	M. Schalenbach, R. Tesch, P. M. Kowalski, R.-A. Eichel, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 14171-14185.
[115]	W.-W. Zhao, W.-J. Niu, R.-J. Li, B.-X. Yu, C.-Y. Cai, F.-M. Wang, L.-Y. Xu, Inorg. Chem. Front., 2025, 12, 479-514.
[116]	F. Calle-Vallejo, Adv. Sci., 2023, 10, 2207644.
[117]	S. Faraji, Z. Wang, P. Lopez-Rivera, M. Liu, Energy Adv., 2023, 2, 1781-1799.
[118]	B. Mondal, Y. Ali, P. Chakraborty Banerjee, Chem. Eng. J., 2025, 519, 164780.
[119]	T. E. Jones, D. Teschner, S. Piccinin, Chem. Rev., 2024, 124, 9136-9223.
[120]	X. Zhang, L. Wang, Y. Xie, H. Fu, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2025, 533, 216560.
[121]	B. A. Brandes, Y. Krishnan, F. L. Buchauer, H. A. Hansen, J. Hjelm, Nat. Commun., 2024, 15, 7336.
[122]	O. van der Heijden, S. Park, R. E. Vos, J. J. J. Eggebeen, M. T. M. Koper, ACS Energy Lett., 2024, 9, 1871-1879.
[123]	X. Zhu, J. Huang, M. Eikerling, Acc. Chem. Res., 2024, 57, 2080-2092.
[124]	N. I. Villanueva-Martínez, C. Alegre, D. Sebastián, N. Orozco, M. J. Lázaro, Catalysts, 2023, 13, 1240.
[125]	K. R. M. Corpus, J. C. Bui, A. M. Limaye, L. M. Pant, K. Manthiram, A. Z. Weber, A. T. Bell, Joule, 2023, 7, 1289-1307.
[126]	B. Kim, I. Daniel, M. Douthwaite, S. Pattisson, G. J. Hutchings, S. McIntosh, ACS Catal., 2024, 14, 8488-8493.
[127]	A. P. Murthy, J. Theerthagiri, J. Madhavan, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122, 23943-23949.
[128]	G. Nazir, A. Rehman, J.-H. Lee, C.-H. Kim, J. Gautam, K. Heo, S. Hussain, M. Ikram, A. A. AlObaid, S.-Y. Lee, S.-J. Park, Nano-Micro Lett., 2024, 16, 138.
[129]	Y. Han, Y. Zhao, Y. Yu, Energy Storage Mater., 2024, 69, 103429.
[130]	Y. Zhong, Y. Zhang, J. Wang, H. Jin, S. Pan, S. Wang, Y. Chen, Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 991-1001.
[131]	Q. Peng, Z. Chen, Y. Zhang, Z. Geng, L. Wang, X. Dong, J. Wang, Q. Zhong, ChemPhysChem, 2024, 25, e202300610.
[132]	H. Lei, X. Yang, Z. Chen, D. Rawach, L. Du, Z. Liang, D.-S. Li, G. Zhang, A. C. Tavares, S. Sun, Adv. Mater., 2025, 37, 2410106.
[133]	S. Zhao, T. Liu, J. Wang, I. Temitope Bello, Y. Zuo, M. Wei, K. Wang, K. K. S. Lau, M. Ni, Chem. Eng. J., 2022, 450, 138207.
[134]	D. Zhang, W. Hu, Nanomaterials, 2023, 13, 1864.
[135]	X.-W. Lv, Z. Wang, Z. Lai, Y. Liu, T. Ma, J. Geng, Z.-Y. Yuan, Small, 2024, 20, 2306396.
[136]	H. Zhao, L. Wang, M. Dargusch, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202510263.
[137]	Z. Yu, C. Gan, A. S. Mijailovic, A. Stone, R. Hurt, C. L. Pernia, X. Xiao, C. Shi, B. W. Sheldon, Adv. Energy Mater., 2025, 15, 2403179.
[138]	J.-G. Fan, J.-M. Pan, H. Wang, S. Liu, Y. Zhan, X. Yan, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2025, 35, 2417580.
[139]	J. Gautam, R. L. Mahajan, S.-Y. Lee, S.-J. Park, Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep., 2025, 166, 101058.
[140]	H. Pan, C. Zhang, Z. Lu, J. Dou, X. Huang, J. Yu, J. Wu, H. Li, X. Chen, Chem. Eng. J., 2023, 477, 147022.
[141]	H. Wang, L. Kang, K. Wang, M. Wei, P. Pei, Y. Zuo, B. Liang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2024, 34, 2407347.
[142]	C. Mou, Y. Bai, C. Zhao, G. Wang, Y. Ren, Y. Liu, X. Wu, H. Wang, Y. Sun, Inorg. Chem. Front., 2023, 10, 3082-3090.
[143]	Y. Li, A. Huang, L. Zhou, B. Li, M. Zheng, Z. Zhuang, C. Chen, C. Chen, F. Kang, R. Lv, Nat. Commun., 2024, 15, 8365.
[144]	R. R. Kapaev, N. Leifer, A. R. Kottaichamy, A. Ohayon, L. Wu, M. Shalom, M. Noked, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2025, 64, e202418792.
[145]	T. Subramaniam, M. B. Idris, K. S. Suganthi, K. S. Rajan, S. Devaraj, J. Energy Storage, 2024, 81, 110457.
[146]	D. Sibanda, P. E. Mallon, Polymer, 2025, 324, 128231.
[147]	M. Zhang, Z. Peng, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2024, 57, 433001.
[148]	F. Yang, H. Su, Y. Yang, Z. Shen, C. Zhang, L. Zhang, Carbon, 2025, 240, 120372.
[149]	Z. Wang, C. Fan, Y. Chen, Y. Yuan, J. Xue, N. Yu, J. Feng, L. Yu, L. Dong, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2025, 690, 137325.
[150]	T. Kim, A. Muthurasu, T. H. Ko, S.-H. Chae, H. Y. Kim, Small, 2025, 21, 2500033.
[151]	X. Guo, C. Qiu, L. Wang, J. Ding, J. Zhang, H. Wan, G. Guan, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2024, 452, 115606.
[152]	X. Li, X. Zhang, F. Su, H. Zhao, Z. Qu, C. Ge, J. Fang, Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 8999-9020.
[153]	Q. Li, P. Li, Z. Liu, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. Yu, X. Hu, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2024, 40, 2311030.
[154]	W. Wang, Y. Zhou, P. Sun, L. Liu, C. Guo, X. Wang, T. Zhang, Y. Cong, Z. Wei, Vacuum, 2024, 228, 113526.
[155]	H. Li, H. Zhao, G. Yan, G. Huang, C. Ge, M. Forsyth, P. C. Howlett, X. Wang, J. Fang, Small, 2024, 20, 2304844.
[156]	Y. Yuan, C. Fan, Z. Wang, B. Pang, Q. Zhang, Y. Chen, L. Yu, L. Dong, J. Energy Storage, 2025, 107, 114907.
[157]	N. Rajabifar, A. Rostami, S. Afshar, P. Mosallanezhad, P. Zarrintaj, M. Shahrousvand, H. Nazockdast, Polymers, 2024, 16, 2526.
[158]	D. Li, G. Yue, S. Li, J. Liu, H. Li, Y. Gao, J. Liu, L. Hou, X. Liu, Z. Cui, N. Wang, J. Bai, Y. Zhao, Engineering, 2022, 13, 116-127.
[159]	P. Yu, J. Zhang, J. Long, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2023, 34, 821-831.
[160]	Z. Xu, J. Zhu, J. Shao, Y. Xia, J. Tseng, C. Jiao, G. Ren, P. Liu, G. Li, R. Chen, S. Chen, F. Huang, H.-L. Wang, Energy Storage Mater., 2022, 47, 365-375.
[161]	S. Shin, Y. Yoon, S. Park, M. W. Shin, J. Alloys Compd., 2023, 939, 168731.
[162]	T. Xu, J. Long, L. Wang, K. Chen, J. Chen, X. Gou, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2023, 931, 117203.
[163]	L. Liu, Q. He, S. Dong, M. Wang, Y. Song, H. Diao, D. Yuan, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2024, 666, 35-46.
[164]	J. Yang, L. Xu, Materials, 2023, 16, 6021.
[165]	T. Lu, J. Cui, Q. Qu, Y. Wang, J. Zhang, R. Xiong, W. Ma, C. Huang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 23293-23313.
[166]	B. Zhang, Y. Zhao, L. Li, Y. Li, J. Zhang, G. Shao, P. Zhang, Nano Res., 2023, 16, 545-554.
[167]	J. Zhang, Z. Deng, S. Bai, C. Liu, M. Zhang, C. Peng, X. Xu, J. Jia, T. Luan, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2024, 658, 373-382.
[168]	Q. Wang, Y. Zhao, B. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Li, G. Shao, P. Zhang, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7, 27377-27386.
[169]	K. Ding, J. Hu, L. Zhao, H. Yu, S. Cai, Y. Yang, J. Tan, H. Hou, X. Ji, Chin. J. Chem., 2024, 42, 397-405.
[170]	K. Ye, Y. Han, M. Hu, P. Hu, M. S. G. Ahlquist, G. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2025, 16, 909-916.
[171]	X. Feng, Z. Shang, R. Qin, Y. Han, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2024, 40, 2305005.
[172]	N. Choudhary, P. Parsai, M. M. Shaikh, Mol. Catal., 2024, 565, 114360.
[173]	N. Yu, X. Liu, L. Kuai, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2024, 276, 133694.
[174]	H. Li, R. Li, G. Liu, M. Zhai, J. Yu, Adv. Mater., 2024, 36, 2301307.
[175]	X. Long, F. Huang, Z. Yao, P. Li, T. Zhong, H. Zhao, S. Tian, D. Shu, C. He, Small, 2024, 20, 2400551.
[176]	R. Pang, H. Xia, X. Dong, Q. Zeng, J. Li, E. Wang, Adv. Sci., 2024, 11, 2407294.
[177]	Z. Wang, Z. Lu, Q. Ye, Z. Yang, R. Xu, K. Kong, Y. Zhang, T. Yan, Y. Liu, Z. Pan, Y. Huang, X. Lu, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2024, 34, 2315150.
[178]	Y. Liu, H. Liu, L. Li, Y. Tang, Y. Sun, J. Zhou, Small, 2025, 21, 2501495.
[179]	S. He, J. Wang, C. Sun, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2025, 677, 771-780.
[180]	C. Gao, S. Mu, R. Yan, F. Chen, T. Ma, S. Cao, S. Li, L. Ma, Y. Wang, C. Cheng, Small, 2022, 18, 2105409.
[181]	Q. Luo, K. Wang, Q. Zhang, W. Ding, R. Wang, L. Li, S. Peng, D. Ji, X. Qin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2025, 64, e202413369.
[182]	M. B. Poudel, M. P. Balanay, P. C. Lohani, K. Sekar, D. J. Yoo, Adv. Energy Mater., 2024, 14, 2400347.
[183]	K. Liu, Y. Ling, X. Guan, K. Hu, A. Zhang, K. Liu, H. Li, G. Xu, X. Fu, New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 14595-14604.
[184]	Y. Lian, J. Xu, W. Zhou, Y. Lin, J. Bai, Molecules, 2024, 29, 771.
[185]	J. Lu, P.-J. Deng, G. Fu, X. Meng, S. Zhang, B. Yang, ChemElectroChem, 2024, 11, e202300695.
[186]	Y. Jang, S. Y. Yi, J. Lee, EcoMat, 2024, 6, e12488.
[187]	T. Tang, Y. Wang, J. Han, Q. Zhang, X. Bai, X. Niu, Z. Wang, J. Guan, Chin. J. Catal., 2023, 46, 48-55.
[188]	Z. Lu, Z. Wang, Z. Yang, X. Jin, L. Tong, R. Xu, K. Kong, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, L. Meng, Z. Pan, S.-J. Hwang, L. Li, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2025, 35, 2418489.
[189]	M. González-Ingelmo, M. L. García, F. E. Oropeza, P. Álvarez, C. Blanco, R. Santamaría, V. G. Rocha, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 24248-24260.
[190]	M. Shen, J. Liu, J. Li, C. Duan, C. Xiong, W. Zhao, L. Dai, Q. Wang, H. Yang, Y. Ni, Energy Storage Mater., 2023, 59, 102790.
[191]	R. Xu, Z. Wang, X. Jin, T. Li, Z. Lu, Z. Yang, K. Kong, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Pan, S.-J. Hwang, J. Fang, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2025, 693, 137620.
[192]	C. Hu, G. Xing, W. Han, Y. Hao, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C.-H. Kuo, H.-Y. Chen, F. Hu, L. Li, S. Peng, Adv. Mater., 2024, 36, 2405763.
[193]	J. Zang, F. Wang, Q. Cheng, G. Wang, L. Ma, C. Chen, L. Yang, Z. Zou, D. Xie, H. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 3686-3691.
[194]	J. Feng, C. Ma, Y. Zhang, C. Du, Y. Chen, H. Dong, L. Yu, L. Dong, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2024, 651, 159219.
[195]	W. Dong, N. Huang, Y. Zhao, Y. Feng, G. Zhao, S. Ran, W. Liu, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2024, 959, 118184.
[196]	W. Liu, Z. Liang, S. Jing, J. Zhong, N. Liu, B. Liao, Z. Song, Y. Huang, B. Yan, L. Gan, X. Xie, Y. Zou, X. Gui, H.-B. Yang, D. Yu, Z. Zeng, G. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2025, 64, e202503493.
[197]	W. Zhai, Y. He, Y.-E. Duan, S. Guo, Y. Chen, Z. Dai, L. Liu, Q. Tan, Appl. Catal. B, 2024, 342, 123438.
[198]	X. Shi, R. Hua, Y. Xu, T. Liu, G. Lu, Sustain. Energy Fuels, 2020, 4, 4589-4597.
[199]	S. S. Sankar, K. Manjula, G. Keerthana, B. Ramesh Babu, S. Kundu, Cryst. Growth Des., 2021, 21, 1800-1809.
[200]	F. Zafar, M. A. Khan, M. M. El-Toony, N. Akhtar, S. U. Hassan, R. A. Shakoor, C. Yu, Adv. Sustain. Syst., 2025, 9, 2400840.
[201]	P. Z. Moghadam, Y. G. Chung, R. Q. Snurr, Nat. Energy, 2024, 9, 121-133.
[202]	X. Duan, Y. Li, J. Zhao, M. Zhang, X. Wang, L. Zhang, X. Ma, Y. Qu, P. Zhang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 651-661.
[203]	H. Xu, Y. J. Park, Z. Ren, D. J. Zheng, D. Menga, H. Jia, C. Duan, G. Zhu, Y. Román-Leshkov, Y. Shao-Horn, J. Li, Nat. Energy, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01804-x.
[204]	A. Ozcan, F.-X. Coudert, S. M. J. Rogge, G. Heydenrych, D. Fan, A. P. Sarikas, S. Keskin, G. Maurin, G. E. Froudakis, S. Wuttke, I. Erucar, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 23367-23380.
[205]	T. Song, M. Luo, X. Zhang, L. Chen, Y. Huang, J. Cao, Q. Zhu, D. Liu, B. Zhang, G. Zou, G. Zhang, F. Zhang, W. Shang, Y. Fu, J. Jiang, Y. Luo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 12534-12545.
[206]	L. Huang, C. Zhang, Y. Fu, Y. Jiang, E. He, M.-Q. Qi, M.-H. Du, X.-J. Kong, J. Cheng, L. Cronin, C. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 23014-23025.
[207]	Y. Kang, W. Lee, T. Bae, S. Han, H. Jang, J. Kim, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 3943-3958.
[208]	J. Sun, P. Lin, L. Zeng, Z. Guo, Y. Jiang, C. Xiao, Q. Jian, J. Ren, L. Pan, X. Xu, Z. Li, L. Wei, T. Zhao, Nat. Commun., 2025, 16, 6528.
[209]	F. Guo, Z. Liu, J. Xiao, X. Zeng, C. Zhang, Y. Lin, P. Dong, T. Liu, Y. Zhang, M. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 2022, 446, 137111.
[210]	D. Geng, Y. Huang, S. Yuan, Y. Jiang, H. Ren, S. Zhang, Z. Liu, J. Feng, T. Wei, Z. Fan, Small, 2023, 19, 2207227.
[211]	X. Cheng, D. Wu, H. Xu, W. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2024, 128, 12101-12108.
[212]	F. Yuan, H. Sun, D. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Wang, H. Wang, Q. Wang, Y. Wu, B. Wang, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2022, 611, 513-522.
[213]	L. Zhang, Q. Meng, R. Zheng, L. Wang, W. Xing, W. Cai, M. Xiao, Nano Res., 2023, 16, 4468-4487.
[214]	Y. Zhang, J. Feng, C. Ma, X. Gu, L. Yu, L. Dong, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2025, 689, 162439.
[215]	T. Wu, H. Hu, Y. Wu, M. Jing, Z. Chen, F. Chen, Y. Bai, D. Li, S. Zhang, L. Liu, W. Deng, H. Hou, X. Wang, Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 500, 157023.
[216]	W. Qu, Z. Tang, H. Wen, S. Tang, Q. Lian, H. Zhao, S. Tian, D. Shu, C. He, Small, 2024, 20, 2311879.
[217]	Q. He, L. Han, C. Lin, K. Tao, Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 12368-12379.
[218]	H. Pan, C. Zhang, J. Wu, H. Li, T. Zhang, X. Huang, W. Tu, J. Yu, J. Dou, X. Chen, Chem. Eng. J., 2024, 499, 156345.
[219]	H. Hu, R. Qiao, R. Miao, H. Sun, F. Duan, H. Zhu, M. Du, S. Lu, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 15930-15937.
[220]	Y. Ruan, J. Tian, H. Lei, H. Xu, H. Zheng, ChemNanoMat, 2023, 9, e202300212.
[221]	Y. Zhou, R. Lu, X. Tao, Z. Qiu, G. Chen, J. Yang, Y. Zhao, X. Feng, K. Müllen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 3647-3655.
[222]	H. Liu, L. Jiang, Y. Sun, J. Khan, B. Feng, J. Xiao, H. Zhang, H. Xie, L. Li, S. Wang, L. Han, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2023, 33, 2304074.
[223]	X. Xu, H. Wu, Y. Yan, Y. Zheng, Y. Yan, S. Qiu, T. Liang, C. Deng, Y. Yao, J. Zou, M. Liu, Adv. Energy Mater., 2025, 15, 2405236.
[224]	A. M. Wright, M. T. Kapelewski, S. Marx, O. K. Farha, W. Morris, Nat. Mater., 2025, 24, 178-187.
[225]	C. Wang, W. Wang, H. Qi, Y. Dai, S. Jiang, B. Ding, X. Wang, C. Li, J. Zeng, T. Wu, H. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Zhao, W. Wang, Z. Li, X. Mo, H. Hou, L. Dong, H. Ma, Y. Liu, C. Su, J. Bai, W. Wu, G. Guo, G. Nie, N. Wang, H. Zhu, J. Bai, J. Fang, D. Liang, Z. Ba, G. Han, X. Lu, K. Wang, X. Zhang, W. Kang, N. Deng, W. Hu, W. Chen, X. Zhang, D. Yang, F. Wang, Y. Bian, Z.-A. Liu, L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Li, Y. Li, H. Huang, X. Jia, X. Li, D. Yang, X. Jin, S. Li, X. Zhang, N. Tang, R. Hao, F. Tian, L. Mai, Y. Wei, J. Xue, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2025, 154, 101494.
[226]	G. Ignacz, A. K. Beke, V. Toth, G. Szekely, Nat. Energy, 2025, 10, 308-317.
[227]	Y. Gu, H. Zhang, Z. Xu, R. Ren, X. Kong, Y. Wang, H. Zhu, D. Xue, Y. Zhang, Y. Ma, D. Zhao, J. Zhang, Interdiscip. Mater., 2025, 4, 456-479.
[228]	D. He, Y. Jiang, M. Guillén-Soler, Z. Geary, L. Vizcaíno-Anaya, D. Salley, M. Del Carmen Gimenez-Lopez, D.-L. Long, L. Cronin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146, 28952-28960.
[229]	F. Zafar, S. M. El-Bahy, A. Sami, S. U. Hassan, N. Akhtar, A. Q. Alkhedaide, H. Ma, Y. Tong, S. Zhao, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 25289-25298.
[230]	C.-X. Cui, Y. Shen, J.-R. He, Y. Fu, X. Hong, S. Wang, J. Jiang, Y. Luo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146, 34551-34559.

静电纺丝技术与MOFs结合: 推动高性能锌空气电池发展

Electrospinning technology combined with MOFs: Bridging the development of high-performance zinc-air batteries

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

扫码分享

图/表 15

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	余成文, 梁乐程, 穆张岩, 尹绍祺, 刘欲文, 陈胜利. FeNC层稳定的L1₀-PtFe金属间纳米颗粒用于高效氧还原[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 75(8): 125-136.
[2]	李晨浩, 王昊, 王卫卫, 白烁, 公忠彬, 桑勤勤, 张雨晴, 霍锋, 刘艳荣. PtCu纳米枝晶催化剂及其增强质子交换膜燃料电池稳定性研究[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 73(6): 322-333.
[3]	刘利芳, 肖晔珺, 郭向阳, 金盛烨, 章福祥. 基于过饱和策略的MOFs晶面可控合成用于理解本征晶面效应[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 73(6): 153-158.
[4]	余维来. 共享金属节点的核壳型金属有机框架促进界面电荷转移[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 73(6): 8-11.
[5]	姚瑶, 徐菊萍, 邵敏华. 多晶金表面上析氢反应与氧还原反应的竞争[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 73(6): 271-278.
[6]	李思明, 孙恩样, 魏鹏飞, 赵微, 裴随珠, 陈颖, 杨洁, 陈绘丽, 尹熙, 王旻, 李亚伟. 浸渍离子液体于多孔Fe-N-C电催化剂以改善聚合物电解质燃料电池电极动力学与质量传输[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 72(5): 277-288.
[7]	唐江渔, 王啸, 王云发, 石敏, 霍彭, 吴建祥, 李巧霞, 徐群杰. 活性非键合氧介导NiFe₂O₄晶格氧氧化以实现高效稳定水氧化[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 72(5): 164-175.
[8]	李如硕, 班涛, 赵丹凤, 胡发杰, 林璟, 黄秀兵, 陶志平, 王戈. 缺陷UiO-66(Ce)负载的具有优化微环境和电子态的镍纳米颗粒用于高效烯烃加氢反应[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 72(5): 344-358.
[9]	胡婷婷, 冯盼盼, 褚宏旗, 高腾, 刘福胜, 周卫. 缺陷型介孔MIL-125(Ti)@BiOCl S 型异质结中内建电场的调控机制及光催化性能研究[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 69(2): 123-134.
[10]	刘保发, 潘未接, 黄志洋, 赵熠, 罗祖洋, 塔伊尔詹•泰勒•伊西姆詹, 王宝, 杨秀林. F-N共掺杂调控多孔碳实现锌空气电池5300 h超稳定ORR催化[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 79(12): 100-111.
[11]	李可欣, 袁浩, 杨祖保, 胡准. MOF包埋衍生策略缓释氧物种增强甲烷选择性氧化的活性与选择性: 基于瞬时原位红外的研究[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 78(11): 202-214.
[12]	殷述虎, 程晓阳, 韩瑜, 朱挺, 于忠卫, 黄蕊, 徐骏, 姜艳霞, 孙世刚. 近邻调控钌单原子位点优化Fe-N₄空间畸变增强酸性氧还原反应[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 78(11): 343-353.
[13]	赵天佑, 胡凤鸣, 朱美琦, 杨昌杰, 汪新宇, 潘永周, 杨嘉睿, 张霞, 李文豪, 王定胜. 单原子催化剂在便携式能源与传感器技术中的未来发展[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 78(11): 100-137.
[14]	王心琪, 张雪元, 焦梦改, 马润林, 谢芳, 万浩, 沈祥建, 张利利, 马炜, 周震. 石墨烯纳米片锚定Pt-N₃O强配位结构加速电催化氧还原四电子转移过程[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 77(10): 227-235.
[15]	亓文慧, 李秀艳, 顾少楠, 孙彬, 王轶男, 周国伟. 金属有机催化剂的电子结构调控在光催化产H₂O₂中的应用[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 77(10): 45-69.